This paper provides a different optimized approach for melanoma diagnosis from the inputted dermoscopy images. The technique is a pipeline technique with four main steps, including noise reduction, lesion segmentation, feature selection, and final classification. For decreasing the complexity of the feature extraction stage, Fuzzy C-means has been used. The classifier has been improved based on a developed decision tree. The modification of the classifier is based on a new enhanced design of a metaheuristic, called Quantum Fluid Search Optimizer. The efficiency of the suggested technique is calculated by considering some measurement indicators and their achievements are compared with five other latest methods. The results showed the maximum accuracy equal to 94.12% with the highest precision being achieved by the proposed method. The results also indicate that the proposed method with the highest value of 91.18% sensitivity against the other techniques, provides the highest reliability.
Purpose: Increased volume ratio of Biologic Effective Dose (BED) was associated with higher local control rate in a setting of large (greater than 5 cm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) via photon partial stereotactic ablative boost radiotherapy (P-SABR). Taking advantage of unique physics characteristic of the Bragg peak, we exploit the potential dosimetric and clinical benefit of using proton P-SABR.Methods: Thirty patients’ CT structure set with large NSCLC previously treated with photon P-SABR were re-planned with three different treatment modalities: intensity modulated proton therapy (Proton-IMPT), proton volumetric modulated arc therapy (Proton-Arc) and photon volumetric modulated arc therapy (Photon-VMAT). Proton-Arc was mimicked with 8 to 14 beams (10 to 20 degree apart). Dosimetric metrics were compared among all of three treatment modalities in which tumor and organ at risks (OARs) doses were compared in volumes receiving >50% and ≤50% of the prescription dose, representing high- and low-dose regions, respectively. Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) of lungs and esophagus were compared as well.Results: In the high-dose region, mean doses of PTVs were 72.64 GyE, 80.42 GyE and 82.22 GyE and B90 (the ratio of BED>90GyE to the in-field tumor) were 71.17%, 86.59% and 87.32% for Photon-VMAT, Proton-IMPT and Proton-Arc plans, respectively (photon versus proton, p<0.05). In addition, proton plans could keep a similar OARs dose sparing in high-dose region. In stage N2 to N3 group, V50 of esophageal were comparable for the three treatment modalities (p>0.05). In the low-dose region, doses of OARs were reduced dramatically in proton plans compared with Photon-VMAT plans (p<0.05). The potential clinical benefit of utilizing Proton-IMPT will reduce the mean probability of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis by 61.63% and the mean probability of grade≥2 radiation-induced esophagitis by 50.00% in comparison with Photon-VMAT group (p<0.05).Conclusion: Higher BED inside the target could be achieved by using proton beam therapy with similar OARs dose sparing in high-dose region and significantly better OARs low dose sparing compared with photon techniques. Proton techniques has a potential role in the management of large NSCLC to increase the local control rate while reducing the side effect.
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