An experimental investigation was conducted to determine mixing quality downstream from a 90°p ipeline elbow. Mixing quality, as determined by a concentration second moment, was measured for a range of jet-to-pipe momentum ratios at both 5 and 10 pipeline diameters downstream from the jet injection point. The ratio of the centerline radius of curvature of the elbow to the pipeline diameter was varied from a mitered corner of 0.5 to a maximum value of 1.14. The injection point was located such that it entered normal to the pipeline flow from inside, outside, or perpendicular to the plane of the elbow. The jet was also positioned on the outside of the elbow such as to enter the pipeline flow head-on. It was found that mixing is significantly improved for all elbow geometries compared to a straight pipeline. Furthermore, optimum mixing in a 90°elbow was obtained at reduced jet momentum for all injection geometries.
The increasing prevalence of problematic internet use has heightened concerns about its adverse impact on internet users’ mental health. Despite reviews investigating the associations between problematic internet use and mental health outcomes, there is a lack of understanding of various aspects of students’ mental health. This study aimed to bridge this gap by providing a more comprehensive overall picture of this issue through a quantitative synthesis based on three-level random-effects meta-analytic models. In total, 223 studies with a cumulative total of 498,167 participants and 512 effect sizes were included in this synthesis. The results showed that problematic internet use was moderately and positively associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety, loneliness, and other mental health outcomes, and negatively related to subjective well-being. Moderator analyses revealed that several study features (i.e., school grade, region, measure of problematic internet use, publication year, and gender) could explain the variations in the findings across individual studies. These research results provide solid evidence for the link between problematic internet use and different mental health outcomes and have implications for future research and interventions on students’ problematic internet use.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40894-022-00201-9.
This study investigated the mediating roles of self-acceptance and self-esteem in the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and impulse buying, and tested the moderating effect of gender on the relationships. A sample of 374 college students and graduate students (33.4% male, 66.6% female) participated in the study. Results revealed that (a) body image dissatisfaction positively associated with impulse buying; (b) self-esteem plays a mediating role between body image dissatisfaction and impulsive buying; (c) a serial indirect pathway (i.e., Body image dissatisfaction → self-acceptance → self-esteem → impulse buying) emerged; (d) the mediation path from self-acceptance to self-esteem was stronger for female than that from male. The results underscore the importance of identifying the mechanisms that moderate the mediated path between body image dissatisfaction and impulse buying among students. These findings point to the potential implications about how to reduce impulse buying through improving body image satisfaction.
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