Light interacting with nanostructured metals excites the collective charge density fluctuations known as surface plasmons (SP). Through excitation of the localized SP eigenmodes incident light is trapped on the nanometer spatial and femtosecond temporal scales and its field is enhanced. Here we demonstrate the imaging and quantum control of SP dynamics in a nanostructured silver film. By inducing and imaging the nonlinear two-photon photoemission from the sample with a pair of identical 10-fs laser pulses while scanning the pulse delay, we record a movie of SP fields at a rate of 330-attoseconds/frame.

We have performed finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis of optical transmission through a nanoslit array structure formed on a metal layer with tapered film thickness. The analysis result shows refractive transmission of light through the nanoslit array, opening up the possibility of creating metallic lenses that resemble glass lenses in their shape. Metallic lenses with curved surfaces are designed such that each nanoslit element transmits light with phase retardation controlled by the metal thickness in the aperture region. The FDTD analysis result demonstrates a focusing or collimating function of convex-shaped metal lenses.

We report an experimental study of the transmission of light through narrow slits in metallic gratings (Ag layer thickness of 100–400 nm, grating period of 370 or 780 nm, and slit width of 30–100 nm). Peak transmission of ∼60% is observed for TM polarization at a wavelength redshifted from the point of surface plasmon (SP) resonance at the metal/substrate interface. At the transmission minima, the angular dependence of reflection shows a sharp peak with minimum loss of optical power. Two types of surface plasmon excitation are found responsible for the observed transmission dips: (1) the SP resonance along the planes that comprise either the metal/air or metal/substrate interfaces and (2) the SP resonance localized along the surface that encloses each metal island separated by slits.

Background: The left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) makes the ventricular depolarization closer to the physiological state and shortens QRS duration. The purpose of this study is to explore the ventricular systolic mechanical synchronization after LBBP in comparison with traditional right ventricular pacing (RVP) using two-dimensional strain echocardiography (2D-STE). Methods: Thirty-two patients who received LBBP (n = 16) or RVP (n = 16) from October 2018 to October 2019 and met the inclusion criteria were included in this retrospective study. Electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics, pacing parameters, pacing sites, and safety events were assessed before and after implantation. Acquisition and analysis of ventricular systolic synchronization were implemented using 2D-STE. Results: In RVP group, ECG showed left bundle branch block patterns. At LBBP, QRS morphology was in the form of right bundle branch block, and QRS durations were significantly shorter than that of the RVP QRS (109.38 ± 12.89 vs 149.38 \ ± 19.40 ms, P < .001). Both the maximum time differences (TD) and SDs of the 18-segments systolic time to peak systolic strain were significantly shorter under

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a osteolytic bone lesion that rarely involves the jaws. To date, a total of 92 cases of JABCs have been described in detail in English literature. They prevalently occur in the first 2 decades (72.8%) with slight female predilection. It affects the mandible more often (68.5%) with a predominant location in the mandibular ramus (31.3%) and its posterior regions (20.4%). A painless (54.7%) or painful (43.2%) bone swelling is the most frequent clinical sign. Radiologically 93.8% of the lesions present as a radiolucency; in 69.4% multilocular in appearance. 15.2% of JABCs were secondary in nature, including 8 cases associated with fibrous dysplasia. The recurrence rate (13.3%) did not differ significantly when comparing the surgical technique (curettage, 15.2%; resection, 11.8%). JABCs are known for their different clinical and radiographic features, therefore often posing a diagnostic dilemma. Some JABC's may be secondary in nature. Careful curettage is considered to be suitable as treatment for JABCs.

We identify 3 novel loci associated with CAD and show that 2 genes, and, make functional contributions to atherosclerosis. How rs852787 and its host gene are linked to CAD needs further studies.

We investigated the optical transmission of periodic narrow slit arrays in thick metal films with finite-difference time-domain simulations. Transmission spectra of ideal slit arrays of various structure parameters (film thickness, period, slit width) were calculated, and compared to those of single slits with the same width in metal films of the same thickness. It is observed that the transmission of individual slits are determinative to the transmission pass-bands of the slit arrays; while the arrayed slit structures induce surface plasmon resonances, they also have negative roles on transmission. We propose that the in-plane surface plasmon resonances at the metal-dielectric interfaces are based on the Bloch waves of surface plasmons rather than the grating-assisted phase matching conditions. It is then concluded that the main features of the transmission spectra of periodic narrow slit arrays result from superposition of transmission valleys induced from in-plane surface plasmon resonances on the transmission spectra of corresponding individual slits.

We studied optical reflection properties of complex metal (Ag) surfaces with close-interspaced ultra-thin metal gratings. Prominent reflection minima were observed corresponding to enhanced absorption of light. Our analysis convinced us that the period-dependent mode is ascribed to Bloch-wave-like resonances of surface plasmon waves at the overall effective metal surfaces, and the ridge-widthdependent mode to Fabry-Pérot-like resonances of localized surface plasmon waves in micro-/nanocavities defined by regions of the grating ridges. The latter resonance mode is shown highly tunable with variation of the grating ridge width. Such structures may be applied in spectrum resolvable photovoltaic devices, bio-sensing, and studying optical properties of cavity-coupled molecules or functional nanomaterials.