Conventional 3D printing technologies typically rely on open-loop, calibrate-then-print operation procedures. An alternative approach is adaptive 3D printing, which is a closed-loop method that combines real-time feedback control and direct ink writing of functional materials in order to fabricate devices on moving freeform surfaces. Here, it is demonstrated that the changes of states in the 3D printing workspace in terms of the geometries and motions of target surfaces can be perceived by an integrated robotic system aided by computer vision. A hybrid fabrication procedure combining 3D printing of electrical connects with automatic pick-and-placing of surface-mounted electronic components yields functional electronic devices on a free-moving human hand. Using this same approach, cell-laden hydrogels are also printed on live mice, creating a model for future studies of wound-healing diseases. This adaptive 3D printing method may lead to new forms of smart manufacturing technologies for directly printed wearable devices on the body and for advanced medical treatments.

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The ability to directly print compliant biomedical devices on live human organs could benefit patient monitoring and wound treatment, which requires the 3D printer to adapt to the various deformations of the biological surface. We developed an in situ 3D printing system that estimates the motion and deformation of the target surface to adapt the toolpath in real time. With this printing system, a hydrogel-based sensor was printed on a porcine lung under respiration-induced deformation. The sensor was compliant to the tissue surface and provided continuous spatial mapping of deformation via electrical impedance tomography. This adaptive 3D printing approach may enhance robot-assisted medical treatments with additive manufacturing capabilities, enabling autonomous and direct printing of wearable electronics and biological materials on and inside the human body.

The intrinsic low yield of carbon dots (CDs) is a barrier that limits practical application. Now, a magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) method is used to synthesize fluorescent CDs on a large scale (up to 85 g) in one hour (yield ca. 60 %). The reaction process is intensified by MHT since the efficient heating system enhances the energy transfer. CDs with blue, green, and yellow luminescence are synthesized by using carbamide and citrate with three different cations (Zn2+, Na+, K+), respectively. The CDs exhibit bright fluorescence under UV light and show excellent monodispersity and solubility in water. The alternation of photoluminescence (PL) emissions of these CDs is probably due to the difference in particle sizes and surface state. A bar coating technique is used to construct large‐area emissive polymer/CDs films. CDs can insert themselves into the polymer chains by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Wound healing efficiency can be enhanced by the Zn‐CDs/PCL nanofibrous scaffold.

“Milk skin”-analogous ensembles enable fine control over colloid deposition processes, allowing their universal use for uniform nanomaterial patterning.

Photonic crystals (PCs) have been widely applied in optical, energy,a nd biological fields owingt ot heir periodic crystal structure.H owever,t he major challenges are easy cracking and poor structural color,s eriously hindering their practical applications.Now,hydrophobic poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (P(t-BA)) PCs have been developed with relatively lower glass transition temperature (T g ), large crack-free area, excellent hydrophobic properties,a nd brilliant structure color. This method based on hydrophobic groups (tertiary butyl groups) provides ar eference for designing new kinds of PCs via the monomers with relatively lower T g .Moreover,t he P(t-BA)P Cs film were applied as the photoluminescence (PL) enhanced film to enhance the PL intensity of CdSe@ZnS QDs by 10-fold in aliquid-crystal display( LCD) device.T he newtype hydrophobic force assembled PCs may open an innovative avenue toward new-generation energy-saving devices.

Cesium-doped ZnO nanoparticle was synthesized for application in PbS QD solar cells as an efficient electron transporting layer.

Bisphenol A (BPA), a high-volume chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, is a ubiquitous contaminant in environment and human body. To investigate the reproductive effects of long-term exposure to low concentrations of BPA, a two-generation study was conducted using the aquatic model species of zebrafish. Our findings revealed that exposure to 1nM (0.228μg/L) BPA for continuous two generations resulted in female-biased sex ratio in both F1 and F2 adult population, decreased sperm density, and decreased sperm quality as measured by motility, velocity, ATP content and lipid peroxidation in F1 and F2 males. Females were less sensitive to BPA exposures than males as no adverse effects were found in female gonads or gametes. Delayed hatching at 48hpf and increased malformation and mortality were found in the offspring from BPA exposed F2, but not F1 parents. Most importantly, the adverse effect on larval development and survival from BPA exposed F2 parents was paternal-specific, resulting mainly from BPA exposed males. Subsequent transcription analysis of F2 male gonads revealed dysregulated mitochondrial biogenesis and significant activation of non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity and Wnt/Calcium signaling pathways. Gene expression analysis of larvae from BPA exposed F2 parents showed significant reduced expression of DNA methyltransferases such as dnmt1, dnmt3, and dnmt5. In conclusion, low level BPA exposures for continuous two generations not only affects sex ratio and sperm quantity/quality in F1 and F2 adults, reproductive success in offspring from F2 parents, but also perturbs various molecular pathways potentially contributing to these BPA induced male-specific reproductive defects.