Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most common X-linked enzymopathies caused by G6PD gene variant. We aimed to provide the characteristics of G6PD deficiency and G6PD gene variant distribution in a large Chinese newborn screening population. We investigated the prevalence of G6PD in China from 2013 to 2017. Then, we examined G6PD activity and G6PD gene in representative Chinese birth cohort to explore the distribution of G6PD gene variant in 2016. We then performed multicolor melting curve analysis to classify G6PD gene variants in 10,357 neonates with activity-confirmed G6PD deficiency, and DNA

The mumps surveillance data from 2004 to 2011 showed that the incidence of mumps remained high after the one-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine was introduced in China in 2008. A cross-sectional survey of mumps IgG in the general population of Jiangsu province was conducted in 2012 to gain comprehensive information on the immunity profile of the general population. The mean incidence was 15.2 per 100 000 individuals in Jiangsu province from 2004–2013. Two mumps incidence peaks were observed each year after introduction of the one-dose MMR vaccine. The seroprevalence did not significantly differ by region or sex, while the GMC significantly differed by region and sex. The overall GMC in Jiangsu province was 99.1 IU/ml (95% CI: 90.1–108.2), while the seroprevalence was only 59.1% (95% CI: 56.5–61.6). The seroprevalences for the 2 age groups that received the one-dose MMR vaccine, with reported coverage exceeding 95%, were 42.6% and 70.0%, respectively. The data on the incidence, MMR coverage, and seroprevalence in children younger than 6 years of age indicate that a two-dose MMR strategy should be considered. Mumps surveillance should be strengthened in children aged 6–11 and in those aged 12–17 because of their high contact rates and relatively low seroprevalences.

BackgroundChanges in the epidemiological characteristics of measles since 2007 appeared in the Jiangsu province. Although the reported coverage with two doses of measles vaccine was greater than 95% in most regions of the province, measles incidence remained high across the whole province. Cross-sectional serological surveys of measles antibodies in the Jiangsu province of China were conducted from 2008 to 2010 to assess and track population immunity.MethodsMeasles-specific IgG levels were measured in serum samples using ELISA. GMTs and seroprevalence with 95% CIs were calculated by region, gender, and age. ANOVA and χ2 tests were used to test for statistically significant differences between groups for GMT levels and seroprevalence, respectively.ResultsSeroprevalence showed a significantly increasing trend annually (CMH χ2 = 40.32, p<0.0001). Although the seroprevalence among children aged 2–15 years was consistently over 95%, vaccine-induced measles antibodies may wane over time. Measles seropositivity in the Jiangsu province was 91.7% (95% CI: 90.1–93.2%) in 2010. Among adults aged 15 to 29-year-olds, the seropositivity rate was 88.4% (95% CI: 82.7–92.8%).ConclusionsVaccination strategies may need to be adjusted depending on the individual age and regions, particularly individuals between the ages of 8 months-14 years old and 20–29 years old. Additional SIAs are likely required to eliminate measles in China.

Trigrain wheat normally produces up to three gynoecia in a single floret and forms three close-set grains. The gene conferring the multi grain phenotype was earlier designated Mg, the multiple gynoecia gene. Different genetic patterns controlling this trait have been reported. In the present work we studied the inheritance of the three grains trait and identified simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers linked to the Mg gene. Segregation analysis in the cross IGDB-TW (trigrain wheat)/Chinese Spring confirmed that a single dominant gene controlled the three grains trait. An allelism test showed that the same gene controlled the trigrain trait in line Trigrain-Yin 1. A total of 339 microsatellite markers were tested for polymorphism by bulked segregation analysis (BSA) in an F2 population. Six microsatellite markers, Xcfd233, Xgdm6, Xgdm87, Xgwm311, Xgwm349 and Xgwm539, on chromosome 2DL, were linked to Mg. Using the CS 2D deletion lines, Mg gene was localized to the distal region of chromosome 2DL. The microsatellite markers identified in this study have the potential for further mapping and map-based cloning of the gene.Key words: Simple sequence repeats, physical mapping, trigrain wheat

Children who received one-dose MMR in kindergarten and primary school were at high risk of mumps infection, and waning immunity occurred with time. Determining the optimal age for the second dose of MMR in children should be prioritized to prevent mumps epidemics.

Background: During the period of immunization with a single-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, which has been available since 2008in China, the incidence of mumps in children aged 2-5 years has been high. The aim of this study was to determine the immunity profile of mumps in children aged 2-5 years as part of the assessment of the MMR vaccination strategy. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of IgG antibodies against mumps virus in children aged 2-5 years was performed. Analysis by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to measure IgG antibodies against mumps virus in the sera of 2-to5-year-old children who had been vaccinated with at least one dose of MMR vaccine. Results: Mumps outbreaks mainly occurred in kindergarten and primary schools and primarily involved children in kindergarten from 2015-2016 in Jiangsu Province. In total, 4,033 children were surveyed. The overall seroprevalence of mumps antibodies was 79.0% (95% CI:78.4-79.6), and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) was 323.6 mIU/ml (309.0-338.8). Both univariate and multivariate survival analysis of seroprevalence showed that several factors contributed to having significant seroprevalence among the 2-to-5-year-old group (P < .05). The seroprevalence of children with a single-dose MMR vaccine regimen (78.4%, 95% CI: 77.8-80.4) was significantly lower than that of children with a two-dose MMR vaccine regimen (96.5%, 95% CI: 88.6%-96.1%). The seroprevalence rate was negatively correlated with time since inoculation (P < .01). Conclusion:Children who received a single dose of MMR vaccine in kindergarten, particularly the 2-year-old group in the northern region of Jiangsu Province, China, are at high risk of mumps infection. Our study demonstrates thata single-dose MMR vaccine regimen has a limited effect on controlling mumps, which highlights the benefit of introducing a two-dose MMR vaccine schedule.

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BackgroundIn recent years, outbreaks of varicella have continued to occur, and the coverage rate of varicella vaccine in Jiangsu Province, China, remains unclear. This study aims to analyse the levels of immune antibody against varicella and obtain a comprehensive understanding of the varicella attenuated live vaccine (VarV) coverage rate in children aged 1–9 years in Jiangsu Province.MethodsFrom June to October 2016, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect 3631 serum samples from healthy children aged 1–9 years in Jiangsu Province. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels of varicella were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe VarV coverage rate of healthy children was only 43.1% (95% CI: 41.1–44.7%). The seroprevalence after vaccination with a single dose of VarV was only 57.1%, and the overall seropositivity and geometric antibody titre (GMC) were 43.5% and 225.4 mU/ml, respectively. The seropositivity was significantly higher in girls than in boys (χ2 = 18.82, P < 0.001). The difference in seropositivity between the 5–9 age group and 1–4 age group was statistically significant (χ2 = 84.31, P < 0.001). The difference in seropositivity between different regions was statistically significant, with the highest seropositivity in the northern area, 53.7% (χ2 = 35.64, P < 0.001). The seropositivity in the group receiving one dose of VarV was significantly higher than that of the unvaccinated group (χ2 = 205.16, P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis suggested that the GMC of varicella antibodies wanes with the time since vaccination (F = 65.01, P = 0.002).ConclusionThe VarV coverage rate of healthy children in Jiangsu Province was low. Sero-conversion rates were also low after one dose of VarV, and the immune effectiveness of a single dose of VarV was limited. To control the spread of varicella, VarV should be included in the routine immunization program, and strengthened immunization measures for the varicella-susceptible population warrant additional consideration.