We study and solve the problem of classical channel simulation with quantum side information at the receiver. This is a generalization of both the classical reverse Shannon theorem, and the classical-quantum Slepian-Wolf problem. The optimal noiseless communication rate is found to be reduced from the mutual information between the channel input and output by the Holevo information between the channel output and the quantum side information.Our main theorem has two important corollaries. The first is a quantum generalization of the Wyner-Ziv problem: rate-distortion theory with quantum side information. The second is an alternative proof of the trade-off between classical communication and common randomness distilled from a quantum state.The fully quantum generalization of the problem considered is quantum state redistribution. Here the sender and receiver share a mixed quantum state and the sender wants to transfer part of her state to the receiver using entanglement and quantum communication. We present outer and inner bounds on the achievable rate pairs.
This letter presents an approach to engineer the band structure of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors via selected area chemical gating. By exposing the center part, or the contacts, of nanotube devices to oxidizing or reducing gases, a good control over the threshold voltage and subthreshold swing has been achieved. Our experiments reveal that NO 2 shifts the threshold voltage positively, while NH 3 shifts it negatively for both center-exposed and contact-exposed devices. However, modulations to the subthreshold swing are in opposite directions for center-exposed and contact-exposed devices: NO 2 lowers the subthreshold swing of the contact-exposed devices, but increases that of the center-exposed devices. In contrast, NH 3 reduces the subthreshold swing of the center-exposed devices, but increases that of the contact-exposed devices.
The reactants used in this preparation, SnCl 4´5 H 2 O and propylene oxide, were obtained from Aldrich. In a typical synthesis, SnCl 4´5 H 2 O (0.56 g, 1.6 mmol) was dissolved in 2.5 mL of water, followed by the addition of propylene oxide (1.02 g, 17 mmol) to the clear solution. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 min, transferred to a plastic mold, and the solution was allowed to gel at room temperature for 24 h. Gel formation typically occurred within~10 min, affording a translucent monolith. The monolithic gel was then soaked in a bath of absolute ethanol for 1 day to exchange the water and reaction byproducts from the pores of the material. The wet, tin oxide gel was processed in a Polaron critical-point extractor. The ethanol in the pores of the wet gel was exchanged with liquid CO 2 for 3±4 days, after which time, the temperature was ramped up to~45 C, while maintaining a pressure of~100 bar (10 7 Pa). The autoclave was then depressurized at a rate of~7 bar h ±1 , affording the material as a right-circular cylinder (volume~2.2 cm 3 ) with typical densities of 0.20±0.25 g cm ±3 (~97 % porous solids). The bulk density of the aerogel was determined by measuring the dimensions and mass of the monolithic sample. HRTEM was performed using a Philips CM300FEG electron microscope operating at 300 keV. Powder XRD data were collected using an APD3720 PEI diffractometer with a Cu Ka radiation source. Surface-area determination and pore volume and size analysis were performed by BET and BJH methods using an ASAP 2000 Surface Area Analyzer (Micromeritics Instrument Corporation). XANES experiments were performed at undulator beamline 8.0 at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [20]. Spectra were obtained by recording the total electron yield (TEY), probing the material properties averaged over the first~10±20 nm from the sample surface [14]. After a linear background subtraction, all XANES spectra were normalized to the postedge step heights. The monochromator was calibrated by aligning the first intense peak of the O K-edge XANES spectrum of the SnO 2 reference powder to 544.0 eV.
Objective. Brain-controlled robotic arms have shown broad application prospects with the development of robotics, science and information decoding. However, disadvantages, such as poor flexibility restrict its wide application. Approach. In order to alleviate these drawbacks, this study proposed a robotic arm asynchronous control system based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) in an augmented reality (AR) environment. In the AR environment, the participants were able to concurrently see the robot arm and visual stimulation interface through the AR device. Therefore, there was no need to switch attention frequently between the visual stimulation interface and the robotic arm. This study proposed a multi-template algorithm based on canonical correlation analysis and task-related component analysis to identify 12 targets. An optimization strategy based on dynamic window was adopted to adjust the duration of visual stimulation adaptively. Main results. Experimental results of this study found that the high-frequency SSVEP-based brain–computer interface (BCI) realized the switch of the system state, which controlled the robotic arm asynchronously. The average accuracy of the offline experiment was 94.97 % , whereas the average information translate rate was 67.37 ± 14.27 bits·min−1. The online results from ten healthy subjects showed that the average selection time of a single online command was 2.04 s, which effectively reduced the visual fatigue of the subjects. Each subject could quickly complete the puzzle task. Significance. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility and potential of this human-computer interaction strategy and provided new ideas for BCI-controlled robots.
The human precuneus is involved in many high-level cognitive functions, which strongly suggests the existence of biologically meaningful subdivisions. However, the functional parcellation of the precuneus needs much to be investigated. In this study, we developed an eigen clustering (EIC) approach for the parcellation using precuneus–cortical functional connectivity from fMRI data of the Human Connectome Project. The EIC approach is robust to noise and can automatically determine the cluster number. It is consistently demonstrated that the human precuneus can be subdivided into six symmetrical and connected parcels. The anterior and posterior precuneus participate in sensorimotor and visual functions, respectively. The central precuneus with four subregions indicates a media role in the interaction of the default mode, dorsal attention, and frontoparietal control networks. The EIC-based functional parcellation is free of the spatial distance constraint and is more functionally coherent than parcellation using typical clustering algorithms. The precuneus subregions had high accordance with cortical morphology and revealed good functional segregation and integration characteristics in functional task-evoked activations. This study may shed new light on the human precuneus function at a delicate level and offer an alternative scheme for human brain parcellation.
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