Our study shows that high‐speed railroads (HSR) can either polarize or diffuse economic geography based on the sector and distance between cities. Economic activities could agglomerate from distant to core areas, while disperse from core toward its periphery at the same time. Empirical evidence from the 1982 introduction of two major HSRs in Japan, which halved intercity transit time, support this. Noncore areas lost 3–6 percent population; service employment declined 7 percent, whereas manufacturing employment increased by 21 percent. Municipalities within approximately 150 km of Tokyo expanded, while the distant ones contracted. The net result is that the Tokyo metropolitan area agglomerates because of HSR.

A mobile Doppler lidar based on an injection-seeded diode-pumped Nd:YAG pulsed laser with a high repetition rate was developed to measure the sea surface wind (SSW) with high spatial and temporal resolution. The system was operated during the 2007 Qingdao International Regatta to measure the distribution of SSW in the racing area in real time with 50-100 m horizontal resolution and 2-10 min temporal resolution. An observation of nonuniform distribution of SSW is presented. The lidar results are compared with both buoy and wind tower measurements, which show good agreement. This lidar can be used advantageously for the 2008 Olympic sailing games as well as for observing mesoscale and microscale meteorology processes.

This is a repository copy of Incorporating transportation safety into land use planning: Pre-assessment of land use conversion effects on severe crashes in urban China.

Metal halide perovskites have recently been reported as excellent scintillators for X-ray detection. However, perovskite based scintillators are susceptible to moisture and oxygen atmosphere, such as the water solubility of CsPbBr3, and oxidation vulnerability of Sn2+, Cu+. The traditional metal halide scintillators (NaI: Tl, LaBr3, etc.) are also severely restricted by their high hygroscopicity. Here we report a new kind of lead free perovskite with excellent water and radiation stability, Rb2Sn1-x Te x Cl6. The equivalent doping of Te could break the in-phase bonding interaction between neighboring octahedra in Rb2SnCl6, and thus decrease the electron and hole dimensionality. The optimized Te content of 5% resulted in high photoluminescence quantum yield of 92.4%, and low X-ray detection limit of 0.7 µGyair s−1. The photoluminescence and radioluminescence could be maintained without any loss when immersing in water or after 480,000 Gy radiations, outperforming previous perovskite and traditional metal halides scintillators.

No abstract

Adverse lifestyle-associated health outcomes, and stroke in particular, have been aggravated in transitional countries under high-speed urbanisation. Against this backdrop, deciphering the nexus between built environments (BEs) and lifestyleassociated health outcomes is of importance for crafting proactive interventions. The existing literature on this topic, however, fails to sufficiently capture the multiplicity of health-related BEs and, in turn, the complexity of such a nexus, largely challenging the applicability of established frameworks and the reliability of relevant findings.Looking at the case of stroke in Wuhan, China, this research aims to flesh out the understanding of the nexus between multidimensional BEs and lifestyle-associated health outcomes in transitional cities, with regards to conceptual framework and empirical evidence. To this end, we clarified stroke-related BE elements and integrated them into one conceptual framework. We then visualised stroke risk and examined its BE determinants using the Bayesian conditional autoregressive model.The visualisation results showed that stroke risks exhibited significant clustering in the high-density urban core. The statistical analysis found that, after the data were controlled for sociodemographic characteristics, net population density and building density were positively associated with stroke risk. In contrast, an abundance of public parks and institutional land use and access to medical care facilities have presented negative correlations with stroke risk, regardless of urban density. Our research reveals that compact urban developments might not be a silver bullet for health promotion in transitional cities, calling for an urgent need to scrutinise their applicability. Moreover, providing better access to these identified salubrious resources is crucial for offsetting the adverse effects of increasingly dense urban environments. Furthermore, we argue that the establishment of comprehensive conceptual frameworks that connect BEs and lifestyle-associated health outcomes deserves to be highlighted in further research, planning intervention schemes, and health impact assessment projects.

No abstract

No abstract