In chemodynamic therapy (CDT), real-time monitoring of
reactive
oxygen species (ROS) production is critical to reducing the nonspecific
damage during CDT and feasibly evaluating the therapeutic response.
However, CDT agents that can emit ROS-related signals are rare. Herein,
we synthesize a semiconducting polymer nanoplatform (SPN) that can
not only produce highly toxic ROS to kill cancer cells but also emit
ROS-correlated chemiluminescent signals. Notably, the efficacy of
both chemiluminescence and CDT can be significantly enhanced by hemin
doping (∼10-fold enhancement for luminescent intensity). Such
ROS-dependent chemiluminescence of SPN allows ROS generation within
a tumor to be optically monitored during the CDT process. Importantly,
SPN establishes an excellent correlation of chemiluminescence intensities
with cancer inhibition rates in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our nanoplatform
represents the first intelligent strategy that enables chemiluminescence-imaging-monitored
CDT, which holds potential in assessing therapeutic responsivity and
predicting treatment outcomes in early stages.
Lymph nodes targeted drug delivery is an attractive approach to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Currently, the depth of understanding of afferent and efferent arms in brain immunity reveals the potential clinical applications of lymph node targeted drug delivery in brain tumors, e.g., glioblastoma. In this work, we systematically reviewed the microenvironment of glioblastoma and its structure as a basis for potential immunotherapy, including the glial-lymphatic pathway for substance exchange, the lymphatic drainage pathway from meningeal lymphatic vessels to deep cervical lymph nodes that communicate intra- and extracranial immunity, and the interaction between the blood–brain barrier and effector T cells. Furthermore, the carriers designed for lymph nodes targeted drug delivery were comprehensively summarized. The challenges and opportunities in developing a lymph nodes targeted delivery strategy for glioblastoma using nanotechnology are included at the end.
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