Traditional arts and crafts are the important form and part of our traditional culture, the artistic form of historic and cultural connotation, also an important direction to carry forward the traditional art culture. In recent years, the development speed of exhibition art accelerated continuously. It highlights the function of traditional arts and crafts elements. The significance and value of traditional arts and crafts in modern industrial design cannot be ignored. This paper analyzes and introduces development and characteristics of traditional Chinese arts and crafts, makes an in-depth analysis on how to apply traditional arts and crafts to modern exhibition design and proposes the significance of applying traditional arts and crafts to exhibition design, in order to provide reference for the development of traditional Chinese arts and crafts and the combination of it and modern process design through exploration of countermeasures in the future.
State-of-the-art hypergraph partitioners follow the multilevel paradigm that constructs multiple levels of progressively coarser hypergraphs that are used to drive cutsize refinement on each level of the hierarchy. Multilevel partitioners are subject to two limitations: (i) hypergraph coarsening processes rely on local neighborhood structure without fully considering the global structure of the hypergraph; and (ii) refinement heuristics risk entrapment in local minima. In this paper, we describe K-SpecPart, the first supervised spectral framework that directly tackles these two limitations. K-SpecPart solves a generalized eigenvalue problem that captures the balanced partitioning objective and global hypergraph structure in a low-dimensional vertex embedding while leveraging initial high-quality solutions from multilevel partitioners as hints. Specifically, in the context of multi-way partitioning, K-SpecPart derives multiple bipartitioning solutions from a multi-way hint partitioning solution. These bipartitioning solutions are independently integrated into the generalized eigenvalue problem to compute several eigenvectors, inducing a large-dimensional embedding. We apply Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to transform this large-dimensional embedding into a lower-dimensional embedding. K-SpecPart further constructs a family of trees from the vertex embedding and partitions them with a tree-sweeping algorithm. We extend the tree partitioning algorithm of SpecPart [30] to handle multiway partitioning. The multiple tree-based partitioning solutions are overlaid, followed by lifting to a clustered hypergraph, where an ILP (integer linear programming) partitioning problem instance is solved. Our empirical studies substantiate the benefits of K-SpecPart. For bipartitioning, K-SpecPart produces superior solutions to SpecPart with improvements in some cases of up to ∼30%. For multi-way partitioning, K-SpecPart produces superior solutions to hMETIS and KaHyPar with improvements in some cases of up to ∼20%.
A step-by-step theoretical protocol based on the density functional theory (DFT) and timedependent DFT (TD-DFT) has been performed to study a Ruthenium polypyridyl complex named cis-dithiocyanatobis-(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (N3) sensitized TiO2 solar cell including dye excitations and electronic injection. Three binding structures of N3 anchored to a TiO2 nanoparticle (TiO2)38 have been adopted. The electronic structures and optical properties of N3 dye in gas phase, in solutions (with the explicit and implicit solvent models), and interfaced with TiO2 have been calculated. The hybrid DFT exchange-correlation (XC) functional B3LYP and PBE0, the newly-modified PBE0 functional PBE0-1/3, and the long-range corrected DFT (LRC-DFT) XC functional Cam-B3LYP have been applied. It is found that both the DFT XC functionals and molecular environments play a crucial role on molecular properties, which affect both the spectral lineshapes and peak positions. Coupled with PCM model, TD-PBE0-1/3 produces the best result compared with the experimental spectrum of N3 in CH2Cl2, TD-B3LYP slightly underestimates the excitation energies, and TD-Cam-B3LYP overestimates the excitation energies of 0.4 − 0.5 eV. As the solvent polarity increases, the electronic absorption spectra of N3 dye blue shift. The absorption manners of N3 anchored to (TiO2)38 affect the electronic excitations, leading to different electronic injection pathways. Two of three anchoring manners favor the interfacial electronic transfer. In the end, three possible electronic injection pathways from the different parts of the excited dye to TiO2 nanoparticle have been suggested, indicating the different timescales of electron injections. I. INTRODUCTION To satisfy the currently increased global electricity needs, educe air pollution and cut global warming emissions, it is urgent to develop the practical and affordable renewable energy sources. Silicon solar cells have been commonly used for converting solar radiation to electricity. However, the complex manufacturing processes and high production costs involved limit their commercial application. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) or Grätzel cells are an efficient type of thin-film photovoltaic cell. 1 They promise viable solutions to future large-scale solar-energy conversion issues on the basis of high efficiency and low cost, and have thus attracted considerable research activities involved to design and optimize DSSCs. DSSC technology arises from the concept of "artificial photosynthesis". In DSSCs, chlorophyll is replaced by a light absorbing dye. We know that the main components of a DSSC is a wide band gap semiconductor that is able to accept
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