Background: Serum adiponectin is a hormone of adipose tissue that activateslipid metabolism and exertsphysiological functions. Its level usually fluctuates in several metabolic diseases,including renal insufficiency and diabetes; it loses its protective role against diseases and becomes a potentially risk factor for erythroid abnormalities. Objectives: The study was designed to assess the association between adiponectin hormone, blood erythroid and various parameters in groups of patients. Method:The study included 130 patientsand 42 healthy subjects. Parameters of serum adiponectin, erythropoietin (EPO), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), renal function, serum insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin % (HbA1c%) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were estimated in all groups. Result: Statistical analysis showed that high level of adiponectin was significantly associated with erythroid-related variables (EPO, RBC, Hb and Hct) in patients groups when compared with the control. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that adiponectin is a significant risk factor for anemia progression in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), end stage renal disease (ESRD)and diabetic nephropathy patients. Conclusion: We suggest that high serum adiponectin level is dependently associated with EPO level and erythroid abnormalities in NIDDM, kidney failure and diabetic nephropathy patients. The present findings regarding ROC curve analysis of adiponectin suggested that this hormone could represent a risk factor for erythroid abnormality in diabetic nephropathy at ESRD.
Background: Extreme alterations in hematological values and inflammatory biomarkers affecting dependent variables in clinical tests are associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus and anemia. Objective: To investigate some hematological and inflammatory risk factors and their relation in developinginsulin resistance in anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 190 patients and healthy subjects in the hospital of Layla Qasim Center in Erbil city and ethical clearance was obtained from the university ethical review committee. The included subjects were divided into three groups: non-diabetic (control) group, non-anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus, and anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological parameters by Coulter counter analyzer, and biochemical tests included glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, insulin, and some inflammatory biomarkers by spectrophotometry and standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay. Harvested data were analyzed by the statistical package for social science version 23. Results: The results showed remarkable alterations in glycated hemoglobin, red and white blood corpuscles, and inflammatory parameters in anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus compared to non-anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus. Inflammatory parameters including interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha exhibited a strong positive correlation with anemic diabetes than non-anemic diabetes. Conclusion: We concluded that some hematological and biochemical parameters were positively related to developing anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus and can be helpful as diagnosing tools for predicting the progression of anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Anemia; Insulin resistance; Inflammatory biomarkers; Type 2 diabetes mellitus
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