In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province; and then named "2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)" by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world's attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development; we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control (including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV.

s u m m a r yObjectives: Previous studies on the pneumonia outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were based on information from the general population. However, limited data was available for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reactivation. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 reactivation. Methods: Clinical records, laboratory results, and chest CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for 55 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (i.e., with throat swab samples that were positive for SARS-CoV-2) who were admitted to

Objectives: A large number of healthcare workers (HCWs) were infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Hospitals are significant epicenters for the human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 for HCWs, patients, and visitors. No data has been reported on the details of hospital environmental contamination status in the epicenter of Wuhan. Methods: We collected 626 surface swabs within the Zhongnan Medical Center in Wuhan in the mist of the COVID-19 outbreak between February 7-February 27, 2020. Dacron swabs were aseptically collected from the surfaces of 13 hospital function zones, five major objects, and three major PPE. The SARS-CoV-2 RNAs were detected by reverse transcription-PCR. Results: The most contaminated zones were the intensive care unit specialized for taking care of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) (31.9%), Obstetric Isolation Ward specialized for pregnant women with NCP (28.1%), and Isolation Ward for NCP (19.6%). We classified the 13 zones into four contamination levels. The most contaminated objects were self-service printers (20.0%), desktop/keyboard (16.8%), and doorknob (16.0%). Both hand sanitizer dispensers (20.3%) and gloves (15.4%) were the most contaminated PPE. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the urgent need to ensure adequate environmental cleaning, strengthen infection prevention training, and improve infection prevention among HCWs during the outbreak of COVID-19.

University. Medical staff (doctors and nurses) followed differential routines of occupational protection: (a) staff at the Departments of Respiratory Medicine, ICU, and Infectious Disease (mainly quarantined area) wore N95 respirators, and disinfected and cleaned their hands frequently (the N95 group); (b) medical staff in the other three departments wore no medical masks, and disinfected and cleaned their hands only occasionally (the no-mask group). The difference was because the latter departments were not considered to be high risk in the early days of the outbreak.Suspected cases of 2019-nCoV infection was investigated by chest CT, and confirmed by molecular diagnosis. In total, 28 and 58 patients had confirmed and suspicious 2019-nCov-infection. Patient exposure was significantly higher for the N95 group compared to no-mask group (for confirmed patients: difference: 733%; exposure odds ratio: 8.33, Table I).Among the 493 medical staff, none of 278 (56 doctors and 222 nurses) in the N95 group became infected, compared with 10 of 213 (77 doctors and 136 nurses) from the no-mask group were confirmed infected ( Table I). Regardless of their lower risk of exposure, the 2019-nCoV infection rate for medical staff was significantly increased in the no-mask group compared with the N95 respirator group (difference: 4.65%, [95% CI: 1.75%-infinite]; P<2.2e-16) (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 464.82, [95% CI: 97.73-infinite]; P<2.2e-16). Likewise, we analyzed the medical staff infection data from Huangmei People's Hospital (12 confirmed patients) and Qichun People's Hospital (11 confirmed patients), and have observed the similar phenomenon. No medical staff wearing the N95 respirators and following routines of frequent disinfection and hand washing were infected by 2019-nCoV up until 22 nd January 2020.A randomized clinical trial has reported that the N95 respirators vs medical masks resulted in no significant difference in the incidence of laboratory confirmed influenza 4 . In our study, we observed that the N95 respirators, disinfection and hand washing appear to help reduce the infectious risk of 2019-nCoV in doctors and nurses.Interestingly, departments with a high proportion of male doctors seemed to have a higher risk of infection. Our results emphasize the need for strict occupational protection measures in fighting COVID-19.

2019-nCoV had caused pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan. Existing evidence have confirmed the human-to-human transmission of 2019-nCoV. We retrospectively collected infection data from 2 January to 22 January at six departments from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. In our study, we found N95 respirators, disinfection and hand washing can help to reduce the risk of 2019-nCoV infection in