Among multiple engineered nanoparticles that have been used in the bactericidal application, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are the most explored bactericidal functional materials with their high efficiency and broad-spectrum bactericidal properties. However, environmental toxicology and lack of modifiability restrict their further development. In this study, a simple and economic method was established to fabricate lignin and silver hybrid nanoparticles (Lig-Ag NPs) with bactericidal ability. Afterwards, material characterization, bactericidal evaluation, and mechanism exploration were implemented to explore the properties of Lig-Ag NPs. The results indicated that Lig-Ag NPs not only demonstrated remarkable dispersity, uniformity, and encapsulation efficiency but also possessed approximated bactericidal ability on Escherichia coli and better durability compared with the same concentration of Ag NPs on E. coli . On the other hand, flow cytometry and transcriptomic analysis were used to further explore the bactericidal mechanism of Lig-Ag NPs. The results showed that oxidative stress was the possible leading bactericidal mechanism of Lig-Ag NPs. The formation approaches of reactive oxygen species production were various including the slow release of silver ion and generation of quinone/semi-quinone radicals on account of the combined effect of lignin and silver. Graphical abstract Lig-Ag NPs exhibited remarkable dispersity, uniformity, encapsulation efficiency, and possessed approximated bactericidal ability and better durability compared with Ag NPs. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42114-022-00460-z.
The development of advanced additives for polyacrylic acid-based superabsorbent polymers is of great significance for the improvement of the water retaining and reuse capacities and the reduction of the energy consumption in the production. In this work, multifunctional lignin-silver nanoparticles (LANPs) were fabricated via a simple in situ reduction/nanoprecipitation method. The LANPs with lots of dynamically stable semi-quinone radicals were used for initiation and cross-link of sodium polyacrylate (SPA). The LANPs/SPA can be fabricated at room temperature by triggering of free radicals. The water absorption capacity of LANPs/SPA can reach 325.42 g/g and retain approximately 58.94% of water after 2 h at 45 °C. In addition, it can maintain at about 239.20 g/g even after the seventh reswelling. This approach not only can greatly reduce the production costs and improve the water absorption of SPA but also develop the lignin valorization.
Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARGs) have become hot topics in the field of water purification. In this paper, graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) were used as raw materials to fabricate a non-metallic heterojunction composite photocatalyst (H-g-C3N4/BPQDs) by hydrothermal impregnation, high-temperature calcination, and ice-assisted ultrasound. The H-g-C3N4/BPQDs was used to remove antibiotics and biological pollution from water under visible light irradiation. Based on the porous structure and high specific surface area of H-g-C3N4, the the obtained type II heterojunction structure promoted the absorption of visible light, accelerated the interfacial charge transfer, and inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Under visible light irradiation, the degrading efficiency of TC by H-g-C3N4 /BPQDs exceeded 91% in 30 min, and E. coli K12 M1655 can be completely inactivated in 4 h. In addition, the maximum inactivation rate of H-g-C3N4 /BPQDs for E. coli HB101(RP4) was 99.99% in 4 h, and the degradation efficiency of RP4 was more than 85%. This study provides not only a new idea for the design of green g-C3N4-based non-metallic heterojunction photocatalysts but also a broad prospect for the application of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for the removal of ARGs in water treatment.
Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARGs) have become hot topics in the eld of water puri cation. In this paper, graphite carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) and black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) were used as raw materials to fabricate a non-metallic heterojunction composite photocatalyst (H-g-C 3 N 4 /BPQDs) by hydrothermal impregnation, high-temperature calcination, and ice-assisted ultrasound.The H-g-C 3 N 4 /BPQDs was used to remove antibiotics and biological pollution from water under visible light irradiation. Based on the porous structure and high speci c surface area of H-g-C 3 N 4 , the the obtained type II heterojunction structure promoted the absorption of visible light, accelerated the interfacial charge transfer, and inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Under visible light irradiation, the degrading e ciency of TC by H-g-C 3 N 4 /BPQDs exceeded 91% in 30 min, and E. coli K12 M1655 can be completely inactivated in 4 h. In addition, the maximum inactivation rate of H-g-C 3 N 4 /BPQDs for E. coli HB101(RP4) was 99.99% in 4 h, and the degradation e ciency of RP4 was more than 85%. This study provides not only a new idea for the design of green g-C 3 N 4 -based non-metallic heterojunction photocatalysts but also a broad prospect for the application of g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts for the removal of ARGs in water treatment.
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