Surgery has been combined with chemotherapy to treat osteosarcoma. However, the recovery rate of osteosarcoma patients is still low. To prevent post-operative recurrence of the osteosarcoma, developing an alternative biomaterial is essential. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has shown potential anticancer activity in various malignancies. Here it is proposed that GA can induce osteosarcoma cell apoptosis, and a polydopamine-mediated titanium oxide nanorod (TiO 2 NR) surface is functionalized by covalently grafting the chitosan-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid conjugate (CS-GA). In vitro and in vivo biological tests indicate that the CS-GA modified surface shows significant antiproliferation and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells (MG63). Additionally, this modified surface with nanoarray structure stimulation and chitosan supplementation significantly promotes osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) adhesion and proliferation in vitro. This dual-functional, Ti-based implant with balanced antitumor and biocompatibility properties represents an effective strategy for the surgical treatment of osteosarcoma.
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