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The prediction of power grid engineering cost is the basis of fine management of power grid engineering, and accurate prediction of substation engineering cost can effectively ensure the fine operation of engineering funds. With the continuous expansion of the engineering system, the influencing factors and data dimensions of substation project investment are gradually diversified and complex, which further increases the uncertainty and complexity of substation project cost. Based on the concept of substation engineering data space, this paper investigates the influencing factors and constructs the static total investment intelligent prediction model of substation engineering. The emerging swarm intelligence algorithm, sparrow search algorithm (SSA), is used to optimize the parameters of the BP neural network to improve the prediction accuracy and convergence speed of neural network. In order to test the validity of the model, an example analysis is carried out based on the data of a provincial substation project. It was found that the SSA-BP can effectively improve the prediction accuracy and provide new methods and approaches for practical application and research.

It will be a huge challenge for China to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. At present, China needs to understand its own carbon neutrality status and then scientifically plan a path to achieve carbon neutrality. In order to evaluate the carbon neutrality capacity of China’s provinces, this paper firstly constructs an evaluation indicator system, which includes 20 indicators at six levels. Then, a combination of subjective and objective weighting methods, as well as an improved technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) model, are used to calculate evaluation results. On this basis, the reasons for their different carbon neutrality capacities are analyzed. The results show that the use of renewable energy, maintaining ecological environmental quality, and low-carbon technology are important factors affecting China’s carbon neutrality capacity, and according to the evaluation results, China’s provinces are divided into three categories. Finally, corresponding suggestions for speeding up the pace of carbon neutrality are put forward.

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An electricity substitution strategy that replaces fossil fuels such as coal and oil with electricity in end-use energy consumption, can effectively contribute to an energy transition and the early achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets. As the benefits of electricity substitution are not synchronized across China’s regions, this paper uses a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to measure the efficiency of electric energy substitution in 30 provinces of China in 2017. The results show that both environmental factors and random errors have significant effects on energy efficiency. After eliminating these influences, the efficiency of electrical energy substitution among regions presented the following pattern: “high in the east and low in the west”. According to the evaluation results, this paper proposes corresponding suggestions for the development of electrical energy substitution.

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