PURPOSE: We investigated the adaptability and acceptance of a novel spectacle lens design that was recently reported to achieve a significant antimyopia effect.DESIGN: A prospective, cross-over study. METHODS: Twenty children were recruited to wear both Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) and single vision (SV) lens, with a random assignment of which type of lens was experienced first. For each type of lens, high and low contrast central distant visual acuity (VA) and high contrast mid-peripheral near VA were measured at both 500 lux and 50 lux ambient illuminance after 30 minutes' and a week's wearing of the lens. A self-developed questionnaire was applied to evaluate the visual discomfort at the 1-week visit. All quantitative data were analyzed by paired t test, while qualitative data were analyzed with the x 2 or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.RESULTS: Central VA was not affected by DIMS lens compared with SV lens in all circumstances (all P > .05). However, the mid-peripheral near VA was found to reduce by approximately 0.06 logarithm of minimal angle of resolution unit in 2 of 4 quadrants (500 lux; P < .05) and in 3 quadrants (50 lux; P < .05) for DIMS lenses. No improvement was detected in the 1-week visit. Midperipheral blurred vision was the main visual complaint, which was noticed only once or twice a day. Being aware of the average antimyopic efficacy, 90% of children subjects preferred DIMS lenses. CONCLUSION: Mid-peripheral vision through DIMS lenses was slightly affected compared with SV lenses. Otherwise, DIMS lenses received good tolerance and acceptance by Chinese children. (Am J Ophthalmol 2020;211: 207-216. Ó 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).) Supplemental Material available at AJO.com.

Objectives With age, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) have reduced ability of differentiating into osteoblasts but have increased ability of differentiating into adipocytes which leads to age‐related bone loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play major roles in regulating BMSC differentiation. This paper explored the role of miRNAs in regulating BMSC differentiation swift fate in age‐related osteoporosis. Material and methods Mice and human BMSC were isolated from bone marrow, whose miR‐130a level was measured. The abilities of BMSC differentiate into osteoblast or fat cell under the transfected with agomiR‐130a or antagomiR‐130a were analysed by the level of ALP, osteocalcin, Runx2, osterix or peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptorγ (PPARγ), Fabp4. Related mechanism was verified via qT‐PCR, Western blotting (WB) and siRNA transfection. Animal phenotype intravenous injection with agomiR‐130a or agomiR‐NC was explored by Micro‐CT, immunochemistry and calcein double‐labelling. Results MiR‐130a was dramatically decreased in BMSC of advanced subjects. Overexpression of miR‐130a increased osteogenic differentiation of BMSC and attenuated adipogenic differentiation in BMSC, conversely, Inhibition of miR‐130a reduced osteogenic differentiation and facilitated lipid droplet formation. Consistently, overexpression of miR‐130a in elderly mice dropped off the bone loss. Furthermore, the protein levels of Smad regulatory factors 2 (Smurf2) and PPARγ were regulated by miR‐130a with an negative effect through directly combining the 3'UTR of Smurf2 and PPARγ. Conclusions The results indicated that miR‐130a promotes osteoblastic differentiation of BMSC by negatively regulating Smurf2 expression and suppresses adipogenic differentiation of BMSC by targeting the PPARγ, and supply a new target for clinical therapy of age‐related bone loss.

Age-related osteoporosis is associated with the reduced capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiate into osteoblasts instead of adipocytes. However, the molecular mechanisms that decide the fate of BMSCs remain unclear. In our study, microRNA-23a, and microRNA-23b (miR-23a/b) were found to be markedly downregulated in BMSCs of aged mice and humans. The overexpression of miR-23a/b in BMSCs promoted osteogenic differentiation, whereas the inhibition of miR-23a/b increased adipogenic differentiation. Transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64), which has expression levels inversely related to those of miR-23a/b in aged and young mice, was identified as a major target of miR-23a/b during BMSC differentiation. In conclusion, our study suggests that miR-23a/b has a critical role in the regulation of mesenchymal lineage differentiation through the suppression of Tmem64.

BackgroundMarital status is viewed as an independent prognostic factor for survival in various cancer types. However, its role in primary liver cancer has yet to be thoroughly explored.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of marital status on survival outcomes among liver cancer patients.ResultsWe finally identified 40,809 eligible liver cancer patients between 2004 and 2012, including 21,939 (53.8%) patients were married at diagnosis and 18,870 (46.2%) were unmarried (including 5,871 divorced/separated, 4,338 widowed and 8,660 single). Married patients enjoyed overall and cause-specific survival outcomes compared with patients who were divorced/separated, widowed, single, respectively. The survival benefit associated with marriage still persisted even after adjusted for known confounders. Widowed individuals were at greater risk of overall and cancer-specific mortality compared to other groups. Similar associations were observed in subgroup analyses according to SEER stage.Materials and MethodsWe used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to identify 40,809 patients diagnosed with primary liver cancer between 2004 and 2012. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were performed to identify the influence of marital status on overall survival (OS) and liver cancer-specific survival (CSS).ConclusionsIn primary liver cancer patients, married patients enjoyed survival benefits while widowed persons suffered survival disadvantages in both overall survival and cancer-specific survival.