A lithium-ion polymer battery using the lithiated perfluorinated sulfonic ion-exchange membranes swollen with organic non-aqueous solvent as both separator and electrolyte is demonstrated, and shows very good capacity retention compared with the conventional lithium-ion battery using the liquid electrolyte.

cn or hesongbing1979@ suda.edu.cn.Currently, microsatellite instability (MSI) detection is limited to tissue samples with sufficient tumor content. Detection of MSI from blood has been explored but confounded by low sensitivity due to limited circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). We developed a next-generation sequencingebased algorithm, blood MSI signature enrichment analysis, to detect MSI from blood. Blood MSI signature enrichment analysis development involved three major steps. First, marker sites that can effectively distinguish high MSI (MSI-H) from microsatellite stable tumors were extracted. Second, MSI signature enrichment analysis was performed based on hypergeometric probability, under the null hypothesis that plasma samples have similar MSI-H and microsatellite stable read coverage patterns for particular marker sites as the white blood cells from the training data set. Finally, enrichment scores of marker sites were normalized, and all markers were collectively considered to determine the MSI status of a plasma sample. In vitro dilution experiments with cell lines and in silico simulation experiments based on mixtures of MSI-H plasma and paired white blood cell DNA demonstrated 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity at a minimum of 1% ctDNA and 91.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity with 0.4% ctDNA. An independent validation cohort of 87 colorectal cancer patients with orthogonal confirmation of MSI status of tissues confirmed performance, achieving 94.1% sensitivity (16/17) and 100% specificity (27/27) for samples with ctDNA >0.4%.

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High ionic conductivity exceeding 10 À3 S cm À1 at room temperature is achieved with lithiated perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA-Li) ion exchange membranes by swelling in nonaqueous organic solvents. The dependence of ionic conductivity on the membrane equivalent weight, solvent uptake, solvent properties including viscosity and dielectric constant and temperature is investigated for PFSA-Li membranes. The high performance of Li-ion battery using the PFSA-Li membranes as both electrolyte and separator is demonstrated. This new battery shows very good thermal stability and cyclic performance as compared to conventional Li-ion battery using organic liquid electrolytes. At 55 C, this battery shows less than 3% discharge capacity loss over 120 cycles, however battery with liquid electrolyte decreased to 76% of the initial capacity after 80 cycles.Rechargeable Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are expected to be used more widely for hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles due to their high intrinsic energy density and high voltage. For the construction of these batteries, the development of electrolytes, which ionically connect electrodes (cathode and anode), is essential. Most present commercial Li-ion batteries use liquid electrolytes. However, such batteries require relatively stringent safety precautions, making large-scale systems very complicated and expensive. The application of solid polymer electrolytes is currently limited because they cannot attain practically useful conductivity (10 À3 S cm À1 ) at room temperature. Here, we report that ion exchange membranes swollen with mixed non-aqueous organic solvents exhibit high Li ionic conductivity of 1.46 mS cm À1 at room temperature. A Li-ion polymer battery using ion exchange membranes as electrolyte shows excellent thermal stability and cyclic performance as compared to a Liion battery using liquid electrolytes.

We used bipolar membranes (BMs) as separators in aqueous zinc-ion batteries to decouple the electrolyte, which increased the H + concentration in the catholyte and the OH − concentration in the anolyte when cycling starting. An ultra-long running time of ∼4440 h was achieved due to the significantly enhanced H + insertion in the cathode and the formation of Zn x (OTf) y (OH) 2x-y •nH 2 O protective layers on the zinc anode.

Wikification, which stands for the process of linking terms in a plain text document to Wikipedia articles which represent the correct meanings of the terms, can be thought of as a generalized Word Sense Disambiguation problem. It disambiguates multi-word expressions (MWEs) in addition to single words. Existing Wikification techniques either models the context of a given term as well as the Wikipedia article as bags of words, or compute global constraints among Wikipedia concepts by the link graph or link distributions. The first method doesn't achieve good results because the MWEs can have very different meanings than its constituent words which themselves are ambiguous. The second method doesn't produce high accuracy because the link structure or link distribution is often biased or incomplete by themselves due to the fact that Wikipedia pages are often sparsely linked. In this paper, we present a simple but powerful framework of sense disambiguation using cooccurrences of Wikipedia links in the Wikipedia corpus. We propose an iterative method to enrich the sparsely-linked articles by adding more links and then use the resulting link co-occurrence matrix to disambiguate an input document by a sliding window algorithm. Our prototype system achieves 89.97% precision and 76.43% recall on average for three benchmark data sets and compares favorably against all four state-of-the-art wikification techniques.1

Summary An Arlequin poromechanics model is introduced to simulate the hydro‐mechanical coupling effects of fluid‐infiltrated porous media across different spatial scales within a concurrent computational framework. A two‐field poromechanics problem is first recast as the twofold saddle point of an incremental energy functional. We then introduce Lagrange multipliers and compatibility energy functionals to enforce the weak compatibility of hydro‐mechanical responses in the overlapped domain. To examine the numerical stability of this hydro‐mechanical Arlequin model, we derive a necessary condition for stability, the twofold inf–sup condition for multi‐field problems, and establish a modified inf–sup test formulated in the product space of the solution field. We verify the implementation of the Arlequin poromechanics model through benchmark problems covering the entire range of drainage conditions. Through these numerical examples, we demonstrate the performance, robustness, and numerical stability of the Arlequin poromechanics model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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