Antiferromagnets are outstanding candidates for the next generation of spintronic applications, with great potential for downscaling and decreasing power consumption.Recently, the manipulation of bulk properties of antiferromagnets has been realized by several different approaches. However, the interfacial spin order of antiferromagnets is an important integral part of spintronic devices, thus the successful control of interfacial antiferromagnetic spins is urgently desired. Here, we report the high controllability of interfacial spins in antiferromagnetic / ferromagnetic / heavy metal heterostructure devices using spin-orbit torque (SOT) assisted by perpendicular or longitudinal magnetic fields. Switching of the interfacial spins from one to another direction through

Struvite precipitation electrolyzers are interesting environmental electrochemical reactors with potential applications for efficient phosphate recovery from wastewater, such as swine wastewater. In this paper, effects of phosphate concentration and pH on the struvite precipitation reaction rate were investigated. When phosphate concentration decreased from 100 to 20 mg/L, the precipitation reaction rate decreased from 396.65 mg/L·h to 70.46 mg/L·h, indicating that the reaction rate of struvite crystallization can be controlled by adjusting pH according to the change of phosphate concentration. Numerical simulation of different currents and flow rates on pH in the electrolyzer was developed and validated, and pH in the electrolyzer was dynamically measured along the distribution point of the flow field. We aimed to test the treatment effect of the electrolyzer on actual swine wastewater. When the flow rate was 20 L/h and constant voltage was 4 V, the electrolyzer was run continuously for 5 hours with the volume of 50 L. The phosphate recovery efficiency reached 99.51%, and the time-space yield of the struvite precipitation electrolyzer was 0.0219 kg/m2·h. The harvested struvite particles were identified by XRD and SEM-EDS, which presented orthorhombic structure and high purity. Economic analysis demonstrated that the proposed electrolyzer was cost-effective and technologically convenient.

We investigated the magnetic anisotropy and the high-frequency property of flexible Fe60Co26Ta14 (FeCoTa) thin films obtained by oblique sputtering onto a wrinkled surface. The sinuously wrinkled topography is produced by growing Ta layer on a pre-strained polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. Due to the enhanced effect of shadowing, the oblique deposition of FeCoTa layer gives rise to a shift of wrinkle peak towards the incident atomic flux. With increasing the PDMS pre-strain or increasing the oblique sputtering angle, both the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of FeCoTa films are enhanced, but the initial permeability decreases. The magnetization reversal mechanism of wrinkled FeCoTa films can be interpreted by a two-phase model composed of both coherent rotation and domain wall nucleation. With the enhancement of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, the domain wall nucleation becomes pronounced in FeCoTa films.