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Black Si-doped TiO 2 (Ti-Si-O) nanotubes were fabricated through Zn metal reduction of the Ti-Si-O nanotubes on Ti-Si alloy in an argon atmosphere. The nanotubes were used as a photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Both Si element and Ti 3+ /oxygen vacancies were introduced into the black Ti-Si-O nanotubes, which improved optical absorption and facilitated the separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The photoconversion efficiency could reach 1.22%, which was 7.18 times the efficiency of undoped TiO 2 . It demonstrated that a Si element and Ti 3+ /oxygen vacancy co-doping strategy could offer an effective method for fabricating a high-performance TiO 2 -based nanostructure photoanode for improving PEC water splitting.

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