Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) on physical and mental health in young adults in mainland China.Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information including the sociodemographic characteristics, history of PNE, family history, daytime voiding symptoms, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). A total of 22,500 university students from 23 provinces and 368 cities in mainland China were included.Results: In total, 21,082 questionnaires were collected, and 20,345 of them qualified for statistical analysis. The PNE prevalence was 1.17%, and the distribution of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) was 66.1% and 33.9%, respectively. In total, 28% of respondents with PNE reported bedwetting daily, 31.6% between 1 and 7 times weekly, and 40.4% between 1 and 4 times monthly; 80% of PNE cases had no history of treatment. The prevalence of PNE in patients with a family history, frequency, urgency, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections was significantly higher than in those without these conditions (P<0.001). PNE was significantly correlated with the PSQI total score (sleep quality) (P=0.011). The SES score was lower and the SDS was higher (P<0.001) in the PNE group than in those without PNE.Conclusions: In mainland China, the PNE prevalence among young adults was found to be high, and PNE had significant effects on physical and mental health. Risk factors included a family history, daytime voiding symptoms, and lack of treatment.

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The chassis of disc vibration dryer is easy to be destroyed during operation. Aimed at this problem, this paper analyses harmonic responses of dryer vibration system based on ANSYS. The curves both in the relation between the displacement and the frequency and in the realtion between the stress and the frequency about several special positions in which the chassis is easy to be destroyed were obtained. The analyses to curves provided a basis for this kind of dryer's structural design, improvement and maintenance.

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In a hierarchical system, grading wheel plays a very important role in material scattering and classifying. This article calculates the critical speed of the grading wheel rotor, a small part of the SZ spin flash dryer, based on finite element analysis software ANSYS. Meanwhile, in order to provide a theoretical evidence for the design of the grading wheel’s dynamic performance, analyze the influence of the bearing’s radial stiffness and some geometry parameters of the structure on the critical speed, including bearing stiffness, bearing span, cantilever length and wheel’s weigth. The result indicates that bearing span is approximately proportional to the critical speed, the cantilever length and runner quality are inversely proportional to the critical speed and the bearing span and the cantilever length have a greater impact on the critical speed.The final purpose of this paper is to find a set of proper parameters on the basis of the analysis result and optimize the rotor’s structure.

The paper presents a research and design of a high speed vacuum switch whose actuator consists of an electromagnetic repulsion driving unit (ERDU) and an permanent magnet force holding unit (PMFHU). A 2D finite element model of ERDU is established. The discharging current waveform, the repulsion force waveform and the effect of different distance between the driving coil and the metal plate on force are analyzed based on this model. Three types of PMFHU are proposed. And those holding force curves are acquired by 3D static magnetic analysis and compared with the measured data from the PMFHU prototypes. At last, the mechanical characteristics of the high speed switch prototypes assembled with three types of PMFHU are tested. The results show that the properties of Model 2 meets the requirements of high speed repulsion actuator most.

This paper primarily focuses on the analysis on the mixed-phase aiming at obtaining the temperature distribution, the regular of velocity and pressure changes of the dryer. The authors took advantage of the software of the Fluent to establish the model and then simulate the mixed-phase model. Through the analysis, the parameters of the dryer can be figured out. The paper also analyses trajectory of particle in the dryer according to the simulation of the discrete phase. The conclusion of this paper provides the basis for the better understanding the drying mechanism and optimization of the structure design.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in young adults and to explore the influence of OAB on mental health.Methods: Between October 2019 and January 2020, 14,010 anonymous questionnaires were distributed to freshmen at 2 universities in Henan, China. The students came from all over the country. The questionnaire included general items and information necessary to calculate the overactive bladder symptom score, the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, Self-Esteem Scale (SES) score, and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score. The relationships between the prevalence of OAB and its risk factors were evaluated.Results: The overall prevalence of OAB was 6.0%, with 4.3% of participants characterized as having dry OAB and 1.7% as having wet OAB. The prevalence of mild OAB was 5.5%, and that of moderate OAB was 0.5%; no severe OAB was observed. Higher prevalence rates of OAB were found among women, respondents with constipation, and respondents with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) (P <0.05). Compared to healthy controls, the OAB group exhibited a higher mean SDS score (52.12±8.986 vs. 47.71±9.399, P<0.001) and mean PSQI score (5.28±2.486 vs. 4.27±2.431, P<0.001), but a lower mean SES score (27.78±3.599 vs. 29.57±4.109, P<0.001).Conclusions: OAB significantly affects the mental health of young adults. Female sex, constipation, and PNE are risk factors for OAB.