Brown algae glycan from Laminaria japonica (LJNP) is a heterogeneous glycan composed of glucose and fucose, which drove Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides uniformis to regulate amino acid metabolism and glycometabolism.

We determined a novel neutral α type gluco-oligosaccharide from the brown alga Laminaria japonica with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2-8 and a structure that mainly consists of α-(1→4)-linked...

‘Ziyan’ is a new variety of dark purple tender shoots tea tree which is rich in anthocyanins. ZY-1 and ZY-3 were two natural hybridized offspring of ‘Ziyan’, which were cultivated by single plant selection. ‘Ziyan’ is as the female parent, whereas the male parent has yet to be determined. In this study, we try to investigate cytological parameters of the three kinds of tea plants, and analyze the chromosomal karyotype differences among them. The results showed that the max arm ratio of ‘Ziyan’ was determined 2.50, and relative length was between 3.56% and 5.39%. The karyotype asymmetry index was 59.920%, and the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=30=22m (2SAT)+8sm. The max arm ratio of ZY-1 was 2.50, and relative length was between 4.80% and 8.69%. The karyotype asymmetry index was 60.307%, and the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=30=20m+10sm. The max arm ratio of ZY-3 was 2.77, and relative length was between 3.95% and 8.70%. The karyotype asymmetry index was 58.679%, which was lower than ‘Ziyan’ and ZY-3, and the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=30=24m+6sm. Although ‘Ziyan’ was significantly different from its two offspring, the karyotype characteristics of three varieties of tea plants were all type 2B. ‘Ziyan’ had a pair of satellites, but neither ZY-1 nor ZY-3 had a satellite. According to the karyotype asymmetry index and average arm ratio, the hybrid progeny ZY-3 was the most primitive, followed by the female parent ‘Ziyan’, while the hybrid progeny ZY-1 was the most evolutive.

No abstract

ZY, HYZ and CH-1 are three characteristic tea varieties with different shoot colors. However, there is a lack of karyotype analysis of these characteristic tea varieties. In this experiment, the differences of cytological parameters of three characteristic tea varieties, and the control variety FDDB, were analyzed. The results showed that significant differences of the average arm ratio, relative length, karyotype asymmetry index and the karyotype formula were found among the three characteristic tea varieties as well as the control variety FDDB. Moreover, only ZY’s karyotype type was 2B, while the three other varieties all were 2C. Among them, HYZ was the most evolved and closed to FDDB, while CH-1 and ZY were very different from FDDB and evolved more primitive than HYZ. HYZ was the most evolved, and ZY was relatively primitive. PCA analysis indicated that the notable differences were found between FDDB and two characteristic tea varieties (ZY and CH-1), while HYZ is relatively close to FDDB. This findings revealed the variation of chromosomes among different color varieties at the cytological level, and provided a certain theoretical basis for the study of genetic variation and diversity of tea resources.

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The number of four-seed pods and 100-grain weight are important yield components in soybean. Typically, they are negatively correlated traits. Generally, soybean varieties with a high 100-grain weight and a higher number of three-or four-seed pods are more likely to obtain a high yield. It is difficult to select for double-excellent traits that meet the needs of farmers and the market using conventional breeding methods.The purpose of this study was to mine genes associated with the number of fourseed pods and 100-grain weight in soybean. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed on four specific chromosome segment substitution lines (HWMN, HWFN, LWMN and LWFN) combined with the distribution of blocks imported from wild soybean DNA fragments and gene annotation. The material was sampled in each of the eight development stages. Among them, globular embryo formation, heart embryo formation, and cotyledon primordium formation were used to mine differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 3792 DEGs were identified, and 25 expression patterns were obtained by the K-means rapid clustering method. GO enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed by Agrigo, and a total of 43 GO terms were enriched. Through annotation analysis, 126 DEGs associated with seed size and number were obtained. Combined with analysis of the introduced DNA fragments of wild soybean ZYD00006, 19 genes that eventually aligned on those blocks were obtained.Six representative genes were selected as candidate genes, namely,

Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures better reflect the function of endothelial cells (ECs) than two-dimensional (2D) cultures. In recent years, studies have found that ECs cultured in a 3D luminal structure can mimic the biological characteristics and phenotypes of vascular ECs, thus making it more suitable for endothelial dysfunction research. In this study, we used a 3D model and 2D tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) to investigate the effects of cell polarity on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced endothelial dysfunction and its related mechanisms. We observed the cell morphology, oxidative stress, and barrier and endothelial function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in 3D and 2D cultures. We then used Illumina to detect the differentially expressed genes in the 3D-cultured HUVEC with and without H2O2 stimulation, using ClusterProfiler for Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. Finally, we explored the role and mechanism of polar protein partitioning defective protein 3 (Par3) in the regulation of ECs. ECs were inoculated into the 3D hydrogel channel; after stimulation with H2O2, the morphology of HUVECs changed, the boundary was blurred, the expression of intercellular junction proteins decreased, and the barrier function of the EC layer was damaged. 3D culture increased the oxidative stress response of cells stimulated by H2O2 compared to 2D TCPs. The polarity-related protein Par3 and cell division control protein 42 (CDC42) were screened using bioinformatics analysis, and western blotting was used to verify the results. Par3 knockdown significantly suppressed claudin1 (CLDN1) and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). These results suggest that the polar protein Par3 can protect H2O2-induced vascular ECs from damage by regulating CLDN1 and VE-cadherin.