The aim of this study is to characterize the bioactivity of mycelial biomass and crude exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes versicolor NBIMCC 8939 and to reveal its nutraceutical potential. The EPS (1.58 g/L) were isolated from a culture broth. The macrofungal biomass was rich in protein, insoluble dietary fibers and glucans. The amino acid composition of the biomass was analyzed and 18 amino acids were detected. Three mycelial biomass extracts were prepared and the highest total polyphenol content (16.11 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g DW) and the total flavonoid content (5.15 ± 0.03 mg QE/g DW) were found in the water extract. The results indicated that the obtained EPS were heteropolysaccharides with glucose as the main building monosaccharide and minor amounts of mannose, xylose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the complex structure of the crude EPS. Five probiotic lactic acid bacteria strains were used for the determination of the prebiotic effect of the crude EPS. The anti-inflammatory potential was tested in vitro using cell line HT-29. The significant decrease of IL-1 and IL-8 and increase of TGF-beta expression revealed anti-inflammatory potential of the crude exopolysaccharides from T. versicolor.
Esta obra, editada por José María Infante Bonfiglio y María Eugenia Flores Treviño, recoge doce trabajos de investigación presentados en el VI Coloquio Internacional del Programa EDICE (Estudios sobre el Discurso de la Cortesía en Español), celebrado en 2011 en Monterrey (México). Dichos trabajos aparecen organizados en tres partes, dedicadas respectivamente a estudios sobre imagen y (des)cortesía, actos de habla y (des)cortesía y atenuación.Los autores cuyas investigaciones integran este libro asumen que la (des) cortesía varía de una cultura a otra, y, por tanto, se basan en postulados teóricos de pragmática sociocultural. En este sentido, adquieren gran importancia las nociones de Bravo (otros trabajos), quien enriqueció las categorías analíticas básicas antecedentes de carácter universalista, dando cuenta de la importancia de los factores de variación sociocultural en los estudios de (des)cortesía.Al inicio, los editores ofrecen una reflexión sobre ciertas deficiencias tanto formales como conceptuales prototípicas en estudios de esta índole, tales como la falta de consenso entre los investigadores en cuanto a la metodología y la terminología empleadas. Se defiende la necesidad de contemplar la concepción que se tiene de determinados valores culturales a la hora de abordar los estudios sobre (des)cortesía. Asimismo, critican el hecho de que la mayoría de los estudiosos se aferren excesivamente a las teorías de autores precedentes para avalar sus investigaciones. Esta crítica se centra en aquellos trabajos fundamentados en los postulados universalistas de Brown y Levinson (1987), los cuales no pueden sostenerse, según los autores, si se examinan los avances de la teoría social de las últimas décadas (p. 11).La primera parte de la obra se abre con un trabajo de Carmen Curcó Cobos, en el que se defiende la postura contraria. Esta autora aboga por el conservadurismo metodológico. Sin dejar de otorgar importancia a la consideración de valores culturales, apuesta por no abandonar la clásica noción de imagen pública. Seguidamente, hace un recorrido bibliográfico por trabajos de autores -9786072703285
The aim of the present study was to analyse the type of adhesive factors of selected probiotic strains. A large number of lactic acid bacteria with intestinal and dairy origin were collected and assessed for adhesion on Caco-2 cell line. From the best adherent bacteria, four strains were selected for further research: Lactobacillus gasseri G7, L. plantarum F1, L. helveticus AC and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B14. The average number of adhered bacteria was 17 per one Caco-2 cell in the case of L. gasseri G7 and 21 per cell in the case of L. plantarum F1. Treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), trypsin and metaperiodic acid in separate assays revealed that cell-bonded extracellular proteins were responsible for the adhesion of the selected L. gasseri, L. plantarum and L. helveticus strains, in contrast to the L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strain, whose adhesive factors were identified as cell-bonded exopolysaccharides. The cell-wall proteins from the first three strains were isolated, fractionated and assessed for adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Based on the attachment properties of the purified proteins towards Caco-2 cells, it was clearly proved exactly which proteins are involved in the adherence. L. plantarum F1 strain contains two adhesive proteins in contrast to the other selected strains containing one adhesive protein each. The determination of the factors mediating the adhesive abilities of the selected strains provides important information about the possible ways to preserve and increase adhesive properties towards epithelium cells.
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