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In this paper, an overview of the HAP concept development and HAP trails is introduced to show the worldwide interest and development in the emerging novel technology. A comparison of the HAP, terrestrial and satellite system characteristics is given. Main advantages of HAPs for wireless communication applications are large coverage area, high capacity and cost-effective deployment.Three applicable scenarios of HAP communication are shown.

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In this paper, we investigate the deployment and capacity of delivering mobile WiMAX based on IEEE 802.16e-2005 from aerial platform such as High Altitude Platforms (HAPs). A urban scenario and an suburban scenario with mobile broadband usages as complement or substitute to the fixed Internet connection are developed to compare the delivery of broadband services from terrestrial and aerial platforms. A deployment strategy is based on maximizing and meeting the networking traffic demand and coverage area. In the end, a comparison based on cell radii and capacities between services from aerial platforms and existing terrestrial based solutions, such as universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) and high speed packet access (HSPA) is proposed. Currently, most research has been done to develop advanced technologies to enhance standards to support a higher data rate in a cost-effective way for wireless communication systems. From analysis and investigation, aerial platform can provide a cost-effective solution for a large area with a medium to high traffic demand.I.

We investigate the performance and coexistence techniques for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) delivered from high altitude platforms (HAPs) and terrestrial systems in shared 3.5 GHz frequency bands. The paper shows that it is possible to provide WiMAX services from individual HAP systems. The coexistence performance is evaluated by appropriate choice of parameters, which include the HAP deployment spacing radius, directive antenna beamwidths based on adopted antenna models for HAPs and receivers. Illustrations and comparisons of coexistence techniques, for example, varying the antenna pointing offset, transmitting and receiving antenna beamwidth, demonstrate efficient ways to enhance the HAP system performance while effectively coexisting with terrestrial WiMAX systems.

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