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A novel digital two-stage linearization filter is proposed for direct-detection (DD) systems and assessed experimentally for the first time. The performance improvement is quantified by experiments with a 7 × 25 Gb/s WDM DD single sideband 16-QAM Nyquist-shaped subcarrier modulation (Nyquist-SCM) system with a net optical information spectral density of 2.3 (b/s)/Hz. The results indicate that this technique can effectively compensate the nonlinearity caused by square-law detection while, at the same time reducing the DSP complexity, avoiding the need to perform the multiple iterations which are required in previously proposed beating interference cancellation methods.

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) opens an efficient and versatile avenue for the electrical manipulation of magnetization in spintronic devices. The enhancement of SOT efficiency and reduction of power consumption are key points for the implementation of high-performance SOT devices, which strongly rely on the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) strength and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic/non-magnetic heterostructures. Recently, van der Waals-layered materials have shown appealing properties for use in efficient SOT applications. On the one hand, transition-metal dichalcogenides, topological insulators, and graphene-based heterostructures possess appreciable SOC strength. This feature can efficiently converse the charge current into spin current and result in large SOT. On the other hand, the newly discovered layered magnetic materials provide ultra-thin and gate-tunable ferromagnetic candidates for high-performance SOT devices. In this review, the latest advancements of SOT research in various layered materials are summarized. First, a brief introduction of SOT is given. Second, SOT studies of various layered materials and heterostructures are summarized. Subsequently, progresses on SOT-induced magnetization switching are presented. Finally, current challenges and prospects for future development are suggested.

Abstract:In the present study, eight kinds plant growth regulators-salicylic acid (SA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 2, 4-epi-brassinolide (EBR), abscisic acid (ABA), ethephon (ETH), and spermidine (SPD)-were used to investigate the impact on microalgal biomass, lipid, total soluble protein, carotenoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAS) production of Chlorella pyrenoidosa ZF strain. The results showed the quickest biomass enhancement was induced by 50 mg·L −1 NAA, with a 6.3-fold increase over the control; the highest protein content was increased by 0.005 mg·L −1 ETH, which produced 3.5-fold over the control; total carotenoids content was induced most effectively by 1 mg·L −1 NAA with 3.6-fold higher production than the control; the most efficient elicitor for lipid production was 5 mg·L −1 GA 3 at 1.9-fold of the control; 0.2 mg·L −1 ETH induced the abundant production of 1.82 ± 0.23% linoleic acid; 0.65 ± 0.01% linolenic acid was induced by 1 mg·L −1 NAA; 2.53 ± 0.15% arachidonic acid and 0.44 ± 0.05% docosahexaenoic acid were induced by 5 mg·L −1 GA 3 . Transcriptional expression levels of seven lipid-related genes, including ACP, BC, FAD, FATA, KAS, MCTK, and SAD, were studied by real-time RT-q-PCR. 5 mg·L −1 GA 3 was the most effective regulator for transcriptional expressions of these seven genes, producing 23-fold ACP, 31-fold BC, 25-fold FAD, 6-fold KAS, 12-fold MCTK compared with the controls, respectively.

We probe the electron-phonon coupling for in situ engineered porphyrin-based magnetic molecular layers supported on weakly reactive surfaces. Using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at 4.5 K we show that the electronic and magnetic properties of the engineered molecules are the result of interplay between many-body spin-flip excitations and electron-phonon interactions.

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