The structure, composition, and mechanical response of Australian bamboo were investigated. The graded structure, composition, and mechanical properties were confirmed by depth profiles obtained using synchrotron radiation diffraction and Vickers indentation. The mechanical performance of bamboo was strongly dependent on age. Results indicated that young bamboo has a higher strength, elastic stiffness, and fracture toughness than its older counterpart does. In addition, the hardness of bamboo is both load dependent and time dependent as a result of an expanding interfacial damage zone and indentation creep, respectively. In addition to fiber debonding, crack deflection and crack-bridging are the major energy dissipative processes for imparting a high toughness in bamboo.
This article aims to improve the shear delamination resistance of composite laminate and minimize implantation damage on fiber orientation by using fine z-pins.The z-pins with the diameters as small as 0.1 and 0.2 mm were prepared by using different carbon fibers. The results show that z-pinning method significantly improves the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness, and the G IIC value becomes larger with the decrease in z-pin diameter. Compared with the control sample, the precracked G IIC values of (carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite) CFRP (0.5CF4XÀpin) , CFRP (0.2CF4XÀpin) , and CFRP (0.1CF4XÀpin) increase by 67%, 142%, and 176%, respectively. As z-pin diameter decreases from 0.5 to 0.1 mm, the failure mode changes from z-pin pullout to shear fracture. The evolution of failure mode greatly enhances the resistance to crack propagation and the final G IIC value. The carbon fiber type of pin (0.5mm) has no obvious influence on the delamination sliding resistance. For pin (0.1mm) and pin (0.2mm) , the strong deformation resistance of z-pin is the dominant factor driving the improvement of the G IIC values though providing high-shear traction load. In addition, the z-pins with large shear deformation capacity can also enhance the crack sliding resistance.
The present study attempted to evaluate whether neonatal gender affects the hematopoietic potential of cord blood (CB) transplants and, if so, to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. CD34
+
cells from CB were isolated and divided into male and female groups. CD34
+
CD38
−
cell populations were then compared using fluorescence-assisted cell sorting (FACS) and a colony formation assay was performed. Next, a Genechip microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Finally, the Genechip results were validated by FACS analysis. It was revealed that the male group had higher amplification efficiency. Gene ontology analysis indicated differences in the biological function of the DEGs between the two groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested that the hematopoietic cell lineage signaling pathway was upregulated in the male group along with high expression levels of genes including interleukin (IL) 6 signal transducer (glycoprotein 130), IL-7 and IL-7 receptor. It was speculated that this may be partially due to numerous upregulated DEGs being involved in chromosomal segregation and hematopoietic cell lineage signaling pathways in CD34
+
cells from the male group.
The microstructure, mechanical, impact and fracture properties of Australian bamboo have been investigated. The graded composition and property has been confirmed by depth-profiles obtained by synchrotron radiation diffraction and Vickers indentation. The mechanical performance of bamboo is stronly dependent on age. Results showed that young bamboo has higher strength, elastic stiffness and fracture toughness than its old counterpart. Both crack-deflection and crackbridging are the major energy dissipative processes for imparting a high toughness in bamboo.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.