The purpose of the research was to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of compressor trichinelloscopy in various production conditions, evaluate the laboratory equipment used for this purpose, and determine the prospects for optimizing veterinary and sanitary examination in trichinellosis. The compressor research method remains the most currently used for post-mortem diagnosis of trichinellosis, since it does not require special conditions for examination. In this regard, its use is especially important for the conditions of operational field trichinelloscopy, being a means of individual protection against this invasion. The most promising should be considered its use by hunters, reserve workers, emergency services and specialized units operating in hard-to-reach conditions and where hunting can be one of the sources of food. This imposes special requirements on the technical characteristics of devices for trichinelloscopy and the possibility of their use in offline mode without the use of power supplies. The main directions for improving these devices, taking into account the special requirements of their operation, are based on the use of efficient optical systems, the design of the main elements of the devices and ensuring the safety of devices in extreme conditions. An important condition for the components is the compressorium. In the future, it is possible to develop it based on the use of high-strength glass. The presented materials describe the methodology of conducting of compressor trichinelloscopy, the equipment of basic use devices and its effectiveness.
The available literature data, statistics and the results of own observations on the epizootology and epidemiology of leishmaniasis in the Russian Federation and Italy were analyzed. In the Russian Federation, local sporadic cases of L. in dogs are registered, while in Italy, focalities of zoonotic leishmaniasis are registered in all provinces. Crimea is the main endemic focus of zoonotic leishmaniasis in Russia. The obtained data on sporadic cases in Crimea suggest that it is necessary to carry out epidemiological, epizootological and entomological studies in the focalities and develop a system for monitoring leishmaniasis, covering a whole range of anti-epidemic measures, similarly with Italy. Leishmaniasis is a dangerous zoonosis, a disease endemic for dogs (to a lesser extension for other animals) of the Mediterranean zone of Europe, the Middle East, is also common in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. Leishmaniasis is caused by seventeen of the more than twenty species of protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. In Italy, as in Europe, Leishmania infantum is the main causative agent of mammalian and human leishmaniasis. Other types of Leishmania are common in South America and the Middle East and less common (in the form of imported cases) in endemic areas (Leishmania major). According to the World Health Organization and the Centers or Disease Control for 2004, 1/10 of the world's population is at risk of Leishmania invasion.
The distribution of mites on the soil surface of different types of pastures, the invasion of oribatids by monies larvae are dependent on climatic and weather conditions of the area, as well as the degree of infection with monies of the grazed livestock of ruminants. Seasonal dynamics of population density of oribatid ticks on natural and artificial pastures of two livestock farms of the Ivanovo region is studied. In soil and grass samples 5 species of shell mites were identified: Scheloribates laevigatus, Scheloribates latipes, Punctoribates punctum, Punctoribates sellnicki and Ceratozetes mediocris, cysticercoid-infested monies. Dominant species were representatives of the genus Scheloribates (65,8%), subdominant – genus Punctoribates (26,7%). The population density of oribatid mites on natural grassland pastures in may averaged 198±17,8 specimens per 1 m2 with cysticercoid monies equal to 3,39%. In June-July, the number of oribatids ranged from 249±23,5 – 298±31,2 specimens on 1 m2 at EI = 4,47–6,9% respectively. The greatest number of oribatids was found in August-September: 343±39,4 – 368±42,4 specimens per 1 m2 at EI = 8,7–9,2%. In October the population density of oribatid mites decreased to 201±28,4 individuals per 1 m2 at EI = 4,54%. Artificial (cultural) pastures, the number of oribatid mites does not exceed 108±9,3 individuals per 1 m2. The contamination of the oribatids with cysticercoids of moniesia on these pastures has not been found. The research results make it possible to assume a high degree of invasion of ruminants by moniesia when grazing them on natural meadow pastures and plan preventive measures.
The article presents the description of the changes in the concentrations of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and soluble forms of selectins and immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecules in patients with chronic generalized slight periodontitis. Serum concentrations of interleukin‐1‐β, tumor necrosis factor‐ α, soluble forms of P‐ and E‐selectins, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM‐1), vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM‐1) and platelet‐endothelial adhesion molecules (PECAM‐1) in healthy subjects and patients with slight periodontitis before and after treatment were assessed. It was found that the serum concentration of sICAM‐1, sVCAM‐1, sP‐, sE‐ selektins and pro‐inflammatory cytokines are increased in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. The increase of serum concentration of soluble forms of selectins is expressed more significantly than sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1. There are no statistically significant changes of serum sPECAM‐1 in the examined group of patients in comparison with control. Complex therapy, including etiological and pathogenetic treatment, is completely normalized the concentration of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and soluble forms of studied endothelial adhesion molecules in patients with chronic generalized slight periodontitis. All the studied parameters in patients with chronic generalized slight periodontitis after treatment are in the range of the control group variability.
This article outlines the existing safety problems on the road, describes the existing recognition systems of well-known automobile manufacturers, and considers advantages and disadvantages of existing solutions. The general scheme of solving the problem of objects detection and recognition was showed.
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