Antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) has been emerging as a promising light absorber in the past few years owing to tunable bandgap (1.1–1.7 eV), high absorption coefficient (>105 cm−1) and excellent phase and environmental stability. However, the efficiency of Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells lags far behind the Shockley–Queisser limit. One of the critical obstacles originates from various extrinsic and intrinsic defects. They mostly locate in the deep energy levels and are prone to form recombination centers, inhibiting the improvement of device performance. Herein, surface post‐treatment via potassium iodide is introduced to fabricate high‐quality Sb2(S,Se)3 films and solar cells. The surface post‐treatment not only manipulates the crystal growth process to form compact films with larger grain size but also forms better band alignment and inhibits the formation of deep‐level defects antimony antisite (SbSe), thus improving the quality of heterojunction. Consequently, the resultant Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 9.22%. This study provides a new strategy of passivating deep‐level intrinsic defects via surface post‐treatment for high‐efficiency Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells.
The positional accuracy of an optical-surgery navigation system is significantly affected by two factors. One is the acquisition synchronism of the two cameras in the system, and the other is the phase difference in image transmission acquired by these cameras. To further enhance image-acquisition synchronism, a field programmable gate array (FPGA)based synchronous-acquisition method is introduced in this paper. The FPGA control circuit board is independently designed to equalize the length of all data lines, thereby reducing differences in image transmission. Two Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductors (CMOS) image sensor chips of MT9V032 are also adopted to enable synchronous acquisition in passive acquisition mode. Moreover, the control of exposure time and frame number of MT9V032 under the passive acquisition mode is discussed. Finally, the proposed method is validated and the experimental results the two cameras show high synchronicity and performance in image-acquisition and have good adaptability in different circumstance.
Abstract-The promotion of the Internet of Things (IOT) in agriculture is an important symbol in the modern agricultural industry. It can efficiently lower the labor consumption and exert a positive impact on farmlands through wireless sensor networks. It can precisely acquire data on crops and the environment to achieve the scientific cultivation and management of the production equipment by means of automation, intelligence, and remote control and to advance the transformation of agricultural development in modern times. An intelligent system of high precision, which is based on the IOT, is formulated in this study. Such system applies Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) as its built-in gateway, with such carriers as Bluetooth, 2.4 GHz, Zigbee, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Wi-Fi, and others, to establish wireless sensor networks and manage the agricultural production through remote control and intelligent management. The experiment suggests that the system can efficiently supervise and control the multiple environmental parameters and farmland equipment to meet the requirement of agricultural production.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs when fat accumulates in the liver even without excessive alcohol intake. Among the current therapeutic approaches for NAFLD, lifestyle modification with dietary changes and regular exercise is the mainstay treatment. With the rise of intestinal microecology, regulation of the “liver–gut” axis can be an effective treatment for NAFLD. This review aimed to assess the modulation of the liver–gut microbiota axis with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a therapeutic approach to NAFLD and further explored its application in the newly discovered therapeutic avenues beyond NAFLD treatment.
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