Objectives: To describe Chinese nursing home residents' knowledge of advance directive (AD) and end-oflife care preferences and to explore the predictors of their preference for AD. Design: Population-based cross-sectional survey. Settings: Nursing homes (n ¼ 31) in Wuhan, Mainland Southern China. Participants: Cognitively intact nursing home residents (n ¼ 467) older than 60 years. Measures: Face-to-face questionnaire interviews were used to collect information on demographics, chronic diseases, life-sustaining treatment, AD, and other end-of-life care preferences. Results: Most (95.3%) had never heard of AD, and fewer than one-third (31.5%) preferred to make an AD. More than half (52.5%) would receive life-sustaining treatment if they sustained a life-threatening condition. Fewer than one-half (43.3%) chose doctors as the surrogate decision maker about lifesustaining treatment, whereas most (78.8%) nominated their eldest son or daughter as their proxy. More than half (58.2%) wanted to live and die in their present nursing homes. The significant independent predictors of AD preference included having heard of AD before (odds ratio [OR] 9.323), having definite answers of receiving (OR 3.433) or rejecting (OR 2.530) life-sustaining treatment, and higher Cumulative Illness Rating Scale score (OR 1.098). Conclusions: Most nursing home residents did not know about AD, and nearly one-third showed positive attitudes toward it. AD should be promoted in mainland China. Education of residents, the proxy decision maker, and nursing home staff on AD is very important. Necessary policy support, legislation, or practice guidelines about AD should be made with flexibility to respect nursing home residents' rights in mainland China.With the aging of China's population, the demand for nursing home care is increasing.1 In Wuhan, a southern city in Hubei province, Mainland China, there are approximately 9.79 million people.

Finite element method to analyze the fretting wear characteristics based on Hertz theory, Coulomb friction law and a modified Archard wear equation, has been applied to a cylinder-on-flat configuration for typical steam generator tube material Inconel 690 alloy and typical anti-vibration bar material Inconel 600 alloy (Cr plating) in the nuclear power plant, under gross slip and partial slip conditions. The evolutions of contact profile, surface contact variables with increase in wear cycles are predicted. The slip regime is predicted to have significant effects on the fretting wear behavior. Under the gross slip regime, it is found that the peak contact pressure occurs at the center of the contact scar, and the actual relative slip is slightly smaller than the applied value. The contact width increases, and the peak pressure decreases gradually with increase in wear cycles. Whereas under the partial slip regime, the peak contact pressure occurs at the stick-slip boundary, the actual relative slip is much smaller than the applied value, and no relative slip occurs in the stick zone. The contact width increases gradually, and the peak pressure increases rapidly with increase in wear cycles.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the vibration of the small bore pipe in nuclear piping under the fatigue loading due to flow fluctuation. The vibration speeds of the pipe-lines were measured to get the effective velocity which is found larger than the allowable value calculated from EDF evaluation method. To perform the piping vibration assessment and construction, the natural shape and the vibration stress at the socket weld position was evaluated by finite element analysis with ABAQUS. From the linear cumulative damage theory, the fatigue life is predicted with the results that lower than the designation level. According to the position of the maximum vibration speed calculated from FEA simulations, the valve is fixed by the rigid support. The natural frequency and the corresponding mode shape are discussed with much lower vibration velocity and vibration stress.

Damage of metals due to the influence of hydrogen is quite frequent and leads to dangerous failures. The characteristics of the hydrogen embrittlemnt of the 65Mn steel were evaluated with small punch test. With the increment of the amount of the hydrogen absorbed into the alloy at room temperature, the strength and the toughness of the material reduce. From the small punch experimental results, it is found the total impact energy, the fracture strain and the fracture stress decrease with the increment of the cathodic hydrogen charging time. The fracture surfaces change from the typical ductile fracture with big voids to the typical intergranular brittle fracture mode after hydrogen absorbed in the specimens with higher charging current density.

The effects of serials of electric parameters (i.e. electric pulsed current, electric pulse width, etc.) on machining speed and surface quality were investigated. Furthermore the selected parameters in electrical discharge machining (EDM) were optimized. Experiments indicate that the machining speed of EDM increases with the increasing of pulse current and pulse width. On the other side, the surface quality decrease with the increasing of pulse current and pulse width.