Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys, as potential biodegradable materials, have drawn wide attention in the cardiovascular stent field because of their appropriate mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the occurrence of thrombosis, inflammation, and restenosis of implanted Mg alloy stents caused by their poor corrosion resistance and insufficient endothelialization restrains their anticipated clinical applications. Numerous surface treatment tactics have mainly striven to modify the Mg alloy for inhibiting its degradation rate and enduing it with biological functionality. This review focuses on highlighting and summarizing the latest research progress in functionalized coatings on Mg alloys for cardiovascular stents over the last decade, regarding preparation strategies for metal oxide, metal hydroxide, inorganic nonmetallic, polymer, and their composite coatings; and the performance of these strategies in regulating degradation behavior and biofunction. Potential research direction is also concisely discussed to help guide biological functionalized strategies and inspire further innovations. It is hoped that this review can give assistance to the surface modification of cardiovascular Mg-based stents and promote future advancements in this emerging research field.

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To enhance durability and adhesion of superhydrophobic surface, an integrated superhydrophobic calcium myristate (Ca[CH 3 (CH 2 ) 12 COO] 2 ) coating with excellent corrosion resistance was fabricated on AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloy via one-step electrodeposition process. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction were employed to investigate the surface characteristics (morphology, composition and structure) of the coatings. Hydrophobicity of the coating was evaluated by means of contact and sliding angles. Additionally, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and hydrogen evolution tests were conducted to characterize the corrosion resistance. Results indicated that the coating exhibited super-hydrophobicity with large static water contact angle (CA) and small sliding angle of 155.2° ± 1.5° and 6.0° ± 0.5°, respectively, owing to spherical rough structure and low surface energy (7.01 mJ m −2 ). The average hydrogen evolution rate (HER a ) and corrosion current density (i corr ) of the coated sample were 5.3 μL cm −2 h −1 and 5.60 × 10 −9 A cm −2 , about one and four orders of magnitude lower than that of AZ31 substrate, respectively, implying the excellent corrosion resistance. The CA of the coating remained 155.6° ± 0.9° after soaking for 13 days, showing the super-hydrophobicity and stability of the coating. Simultaneously, the large critical load (5004 mN) for the coating designated the outstanding adhesion to the substrate by nano-scratch test.

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