Data authentication is an important part of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Aiming at the problems of high false positive rate and poor robustness in group verification of existing reversible watermarking schemes in WSNs, this paper proposes a scheme using reversible watermarking technology to achieve data integrity authentication with high detection efficiency (DAHDE). The core of DAHDE is dynamic grouping and double verification algorithm. Under the condition of satisfying the requirement of the group length, the synchronization point is used for dynamic grouping, and the double verification ensures that the grouping will not be confused. According to the closely related characteristics of adjacent data in WSNs, a new data item prediction method is designed based on the prediction-error expansion formula, and a flag check bit is added to the data with embedded watermarking during data transmission to ensure the stability of grouping, by which the fake synchronization point can be accurately identified. Moreover, the embedded data can be recovered accurately through the reversible algorithm of digital watermarking. Analysis and experimental results show that compared with the previously known schemes, the proposed scheme can avoid false positive rate, reduce computation cost, and own stronger grouping robustness.
Introduction: Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a diffuse palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and early periodontal destruction. Only a few PLS cases are reported by dermatological clinicians due to its rarity.Here, we reported a 16-year-old Chinese boy presented with diffuse transgradient palmoplantar hyperkeratosis since 4 years of age.Case presentation: The patient had also experienced recurrent episodes of swollen gums with premature loss of teeth. He is treated with multidisciplinary approaches. On follow-up, he continued to have recurrent gingival inflammation.Discussion: The etiopathogenesis of PLS is obscure and its management presents a special challenge, which call for in-depth studies that will reveal the complex interactions of genetic, immunologic, and microbiological factors involved in pathogenesis of PLS.
Conclusion:PLS is a very rare genodermatosis with characterized palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Dermatological clinicians should be aware of this rare clinical entity to promote its early diagnosis.
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