The sea surface height (SSH) measured by future wide-swath altimetry satellites contains observation error due to baseline measurement, which is called SSH_Error_Baseline. It is a huge challenge for satellite engineering to maintain such high accuracies of the baseline roll and length in orbit to ensure that the SSH_Error_Baseline can be maintained below 1 cm. Therefore, how to effectively reduce the SSH_Error_Baseline is extremely important. In order to solve the existing problem, an innovative overlapping-calibration method is proposed based on two-satellite formation flight design with overlapping swath. In this study, the differences of SSH data observed by these two satellites in the overlapping area is so small that it can be ignored, and the SSH_Error_Baseline dominates the difference. Then, the baseline parameters of the two satellites can be well estimated by adopting an optimal inverse method. A total of 9 groups of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) have been carried out, and they respectively indicate different pessimistic theoretical scenarios of baseline measurement systems. According to the results, this design can effectively reduce the SSH_Error_Baseline in most scenarios. Regarding the advantage of this method, it can be applied to all along-track observation data without requiring the application of additional auxiliary data (i.e. model data, SSH derived from nadir altimetry). Therefore, when two wide-swath altimetry satellites are simultaneously designed, the formation flight scheme proposed in this paper is recommended, especially when the measurements of the baseline cannot meet the expected accuracies.
With its excellent endurance, good maneuverability and track controllability, glider has become one of the important equipment to obtain ocean field data. The network observation of multiple gliders will be the main approach of ocean observation in the future. However, how to plan the glider path in a reasonable way and how to design the optimal observation network consisting of multiple gliders in an eddy have not been well solved. As an effort to tackle this problem, an adaptive network design algorithm for multiple gliders in mesoscale eddies observation which referred as “Optimal Sampling” is proposed in this paper. Simulation experiments of tracking a target eddy in the South China Sea (SCS) show that the proposed algorithm cannot only realize the adaptive network design for multiple gliders, but also ensure the uniform sampling inside the eddy. Compared with the traditional method which samples eddy along a fixed path, the observation data obtained by the solution proposed in this paper are more valuable to describe the essential temperature characteristics of eddies. The residual errors computed from the interpolation of the sampled field is also smaller.
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