Women’s participation and the nature of assistance in the provision of social policies, especially in healthcare related to socially significant diseases, is becoming more prominent. The aim of this study is to develop proposals for streamlining the palliative care system in Kazakhstan based on the analysis of the influence of women volunteers on the process of public administration. The paper interviewed two groups of respondents: volunteers and workers (medical institutions and charity organizations employees). Atlas.ti software was used to analyze and construct specific feedback on the data received. The coding results revealed that women volunteers act as an intermediary between the state administration and the palliative care system. In addition, it was determined that the prominent participants in developing the palliative care system are hospitals and charitable foundations. In general, the contribution of women volunteers to financial assistance, organization of training and master classes for doctors in the field of oncology, and provision of additional beds for patients and consultations was revealed. Further, the state’s main shortcomings in organizing palliative care were identified: poor regional budgeting system, weak legislative system, and inadequate financing of hospitals. The findings imply that women volunteers should be given a higher status and included in the public administration structure, especially for different representations of the needs of minorities. AcknowledgmentsThis study is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of science and higher education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant “Priorities and mechanisms against rural women of Kazakhstan unequal access to the resources” No. AP14869297).
This paper examines theoretical, methodological and analytical studies to improve the environmental monitoring of air pollution and water resources, as well as to facilitate the collection of data for the determination of assessment indicators for future research work and reports on the environment. A literature review has shown the importance of understanding the impact of environmental issues such as air and water pollution on various aspects of human life and regional development. In the paper, it was decided to use methodological generalization and system analysis. The theoretical significance of this study is to generalize and expand classical and modern theories of sustainable development of regions, theoretical developments of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of environmental monitoring, and increasing the competitiveness and sustainability of regions in the context of globalization and Industry 4.0. Additionally, statistical data on strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2005-2020 were used. Based on these results, it can be recommended that the neediness implement the priority of improving the welfare of society in regions with minimal environmental impact. To maintain the overall balance, prevent the depletion of natural resources, and reduce the generation of hazardous waste, it is essential to rationalize the production and consumption of energy. The study results can be used by international intergovernmental organizations, local, regional and republican government bodies, universities and colleges. The relevance of this study is due to the need to conduct high-quality theoretical, methodological and analytical studies to improve the environmental monitoring of air pollution and water resources, as well as to facilitate the collection of data for the determination of assessment indicators for future research work and reports on the environment. The scientific novelty of this research work is expressed in the fact that in Kazakhstan in the past systematic methods were not applied enough in research in the field of human impact on the environment. These methods will determine the environmental factors that have such an impact, as well as the degree of such an impact.
The study of urbanization is a hot topic, since it is a global trend, and the concentration of economic, innovative, scientific, social activities can significantly increase the efficiency of the economy. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of urbanization of the regions of Kazakhstan, to identify the difference between the regions, as well as the reasons for this difference in order to conduct a more balanced policy in the field of urbanization. The study involves the use of an index method for assessing the level of urbanization. As primary data, such indicators as the total population and the urban population were used. Secondary data were obtained by calculating the number of cities with the corresponding number of inhabitants in the region. The results of the study made it possible to identify significant disproportions in the levels of urbanization of the regions of Kazakhstan, due to various factors, the most significant of which are geographical features. In addition, the results show the following areas of lagging behind some cities in terms of urbanization: a high share of self-employment, high cost of living compared to rural areas against the background of low incomes of rural residents, which together limit the migration of the rural population to cities. By including the number of cities and their sizes in the index, we were able to rank the cities of Kazakhstan according to the following levels of urbanization: very high; high; average; low and very low.
In the current social conditions, pension systems have become the most important topic on the agenda for many countries. Therefore, governments have started paying attention and should reform their pension systems to guarantee an adequate contribution to pensions. Thus, this study analyzes the impact of investments and social factors on pension savings using Kazakhstan as an example. The paper is based on secondary data from the annual reports of the Unified Accumulative Pension Fund and annual statistical reports of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2014 to 2022. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data, specifically through correlation and regression analysis, to determine the impact and relationships between selected indicators (i.e., inflation rate, number of contributors, pension contribution, investment income and average wage). To check the reliability of the models, Fisher’s F-test and Student’s t-test were conducted. Therefore, a VIF diagnosis was conducted. The correlation analysis results showed that in the group of investment factors, pension savings are more dependent on pension contributions (,900**), and in social factors, on average wages (1,000**). Based on the results obtained, all factors have a positive impact on pension savings, except inflation. Inflation growth by 1% on average reduces the amount of pension savings by 23% over the nine-year period between 2014 to 2022, which is reflected in the results of Model 2. The study’s results can be applied to managing pension funds and reforms related to the pension system. AcknowledgmentsThis research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant “Exploring the impact of economic, social, and environmental factors on the relationship between urbanization and greenhouse gas emissions” No. AP19576071).
Kazakhstan has a remarkable ability to become the core of food security in the Eurasian region. Obviously, the advantages of Kazakhstan in natural and climatic conditions help strengthen the agricultural sector’s position in its economy. In particular, the positive factors of agricultural sector production are enormous land resources, inland geographical location, and historical background (nomadic cattle breeding, crop production). The agricultural sector is one of the riskiest sectors and manifests itself in climatic, political, technological, financial, corruption, and other issues. It is noted that investments in the industry are mainly represented by state funds (budget, extra-budgetary). Such massive public and private financial investments generate a corruption component effect. The opinion of importance to manage the corruption risk in agriculture is shown. The authors also give the corruption risk concept to analyze the corruption risk features in agriculture. Within the framework of the agricultural specifics, the classification of corruption risks is given. The authors also investigate this risk category’s prerequisites, features, and types. The article presents the internal and external analysis of Kazakhstan’s agriculture corruption risk. Modeling the corruption risk in agriculture as a matrix is proposed as one of the methods of its managing. Forming a standard matrix template with examples of its application shows the significance of preventing measures. In conclusion, there is the need for mutual goals to combat corruption risks both for the state and for agribusiness entities.
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