In this study, a simple and green deep eutectic solvent based dispersive liquidliquid microextraction methodology had been proposed for the assessment of four macrolides in swine urine samples. Some important parameters including type and volume of extraction solvent and demulsifier solvent, sample pH, salt concentration affecting extraction efficiency were investigated. The quantitative recoveries were achieved at pH 9 and 20% (w/v) NaCl by using 0.3 mL of deep eutectic solvent consisting of choline chloride-phenol (1:2, molar ratio) and 0.3 mL of tetrahydrofuran. Under optimal conditions, the linear ranges of four macrolides were 0.5-20.0 μg/L with correlation coefficient higher than 0.999. Limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.02-0.1 and 0.1-0.5 μg/L, respectively. The relative recoveries for macrolides in spiked swine urine samples ranged from 80 to 93% with relative standard deviations less than 6%.
K E Y W O R D Sdeep eutectic solvents, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, macrolides, urine samples 22
Surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide enhanced molybdenum disulfide was used as an adsorbent in pipette‐tip solid‐phase extraction for the pretreatment of sulfonamides in environmental water samples. The factors affecting the extraction recoveries of the analytes, including the sample pH value, amount of sorbent, type and volume of eluent solution, and salt concentration were optimized. This pipette‐tip solid‐phase extraction method demonstrated good linearity (0.05–10.0 µg/L) with a coefficient of determination of 0.9984–0.9996, limit of detection (0.2–0.4 ng/L) and limit of quantitation (0.5–1.0 ng/L), good analyte recoveries (76–91), and acceptable limit of quantitation (<10%) under the optimized conditions. These results indicated that the proposed method was a good tool for monitoring sulfonamides in environmental water samples.
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