This article analyzes the content of biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, heavy metals using the example of the content of copper and zinc and oil products in the Ural River, which is transboundary and runs along Bashkiria, Chelyabinsk and Orenburg regions, as well as in The Republic of Kazakhstan, West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions. An excess is noted for all indicators. So the content of biological oxygen demand exceeds from 2 to 15 maximum permissible concentration, the content of chemical oxygen demand on the territory of the Russian territory exceeds about 2 maximum permissible concentration. The content of heavy metals copper and zinc ranges from 1.5 to 6.3 maximum permissible concentration, while the highest values are typical for the Kazakhstani territory, which is a consequence of the accumulation received from the Russian territory. The content of petroleum products exceeds for the most part up to 2 maximum permissible concentration and more, only in the territory of the village of Makhambet and the village of Bogdanovskoye is it lower than the maximum permissible concentration.
The article assesses the dynamics of desertification based on changes in the area of moving sands in the territories of the villages Issatay, Zineden, Maykomgen, Miyaly Zhaskairat over the past 17 years based on the processed data of remote sensing satellite images. It should be noted that the research area is located almost on the border of the semi-desert and desert zones, which within Kazakhstan occupy 57.7% of the territory. Ecosystems of these arid territories are very vulnerable to impacts, especially in modern conditions of climate change, reduction of water resources and active anthropogenic development. It should be noted that land degradation has a serious socio-economic impact on the standard of living and health of the population, especially on socially vulnerable sections of the rural population.
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