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Nowadays biologically active substances in medicinal plants of Kalmykia are poorly studied. Thus biochemical properties of medicinal plants of the arid territories of the North-Western Caspian region have been studied for the first time. Study of intraspecific variability allowed to determine the influence of growing conditions on the accumulation of biologically active substances and microelements in medicinal plants, that grow in Kalmykia. In this regard, as the alkaloid, flavonoid and tannin content has been shown, approaches of application of known medicinal plants and searching for new raw materials should be reconsidered. This work is a part of comprehensive resource investigation focused on the research in the aim to find rational application of plant growing in Caspian and Volga regions. On the natural forage lands of Kalmykia, alkaloid-bearing plants can be found; they are poisonous to animals, and their number and abundance are directly dependent on anthropogenic pressure. Anabasis, harmalа and ephedra, that grow on the Caspian lowland, contain all groups of studied substances: alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and extractives. The conducted research shows that alkaloid plants might be used as medicinal plant raw materials. In Anabasis, the total alkaloid content reaches 1.26% in summer and 1.44% in autumn. Percentage of peganin in Harmala grass, stem and root, is about 4.04%, 0.31% and 0.21% respectively while the total amount of alkaloids in harmala exceeds 5.0%. Tannin content is quite high in Anabasis and harmala, as the presence of tannins is a characteristic feature of ephemera. The composition of plant extractives includes all water-soluble biologically active substances: carbohydrates, vitamins, flavonoids, etc., content of the chemicals is high in both Anabasis and harmal. Accumulation occurs even regardless of the season, place of growth in the whole plant.
The plants growing on the Caspian lowland contain all groups of the studied substances: sugars, tannins and extractives, vitamin C. The conducted studies indicate the prospects of using the studied species as medicinal plant raw materials. It was found that the largest number of low molecular weight BAS contain representatives of the sem. Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, etc. The features of the accumulation of macronutrients in medicinal plants have been established. The study showed that the mass concentrations of chemical compounds have a strong variation in indicators and depend on the type of selected plants and the properties of the functional zone of growth. According to the absolute content of reducing sugars, cumin, thyme, tansy and chamomile were in the first place: 2.09, 1.98 and 1.95%, although the relative amount of reducing sugars in these species is not very large: 24.4, 30.7 and 33.9%, respectively, of the total amount of sugars. Thus, we can note a general trend for the medicinal plants studied by us: an increase in the proportion of reducing sugars relative to the total amount of sugars with a decrease in the absolute content of the sum of sugars in plants. The following plant species turned out to be the richest in ascorbic acid: sandy cumin, esparcet astragalus, camel thorn, naked licorice and Marshall's thyme (19.80 mg%), pharmacy chamomile, cardaria krupkovidnaya, chicory, yarrow (18.20) and sandy immortelle (17.00). It should be noted that this. Aster contains two species rich in tannins: common tansy and sandy immortelle (3.60 and 5.40%), the remaining species have an average content of 1.80%. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the accumulation of mineral components in the studied medicinal plants is distributed as follows: N(NO3)>K2O>P2O5 and have high levels of variation, this may depend on the species specificity of plants.
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