A process for impulse heat treatment of a silicon surface is considered; the thermal conductivity of a silicon powder and a polycrystalline wafer molded from it is defined and compared with monocrystalline silicon; it is found that their significant difference is due to the wafer's porosity.
The article considers the tourist multiplier's various classifications based on the materials of domes tic and foreign scientists and researchers. It was found that the tourism multiplier is the ratio of changes in one of the key economic indicators to changes of tourist expenses and is accompanied by a number of other positive trends. Also, it has been determined that the indirect impact of tourism (the multiplica tive effect of tourism) is much wider and deeper in its socioeconomic nature and has a large number of indirect effects, and its combined effect far exceeds the direct economic and social effect. After the research of the works of foreign and domestic authors not only in tourism, but also in other scientific fields, primarily economic theory, as well as for detailed and comprehensive consideration of the content of the tourist multiplier, modern classification of the multiplier effect in tourism and tourist multiplier was proposed, allowing deeper understanding of the essence and significance of the phenomenon under study. Based on proposed classification, criteria were identified, such as the main types, degree of com plexity, direction of action, nature of presentation, scale of manifestation, cause of occurrence, time of development of tourist and recreational activities, forms of tourism, form of presentation and degree of openness of the tourist destination economy.
This article widely discusses the stories of M. Magauin on the topic of hunger, describing the Kazakh tragedy. The story “Bir uys bidai” systematically analyzes the writer's ability to colorfully convey the historical truth, describing the past life and the tragic death of an ordinary kazakh woman. In addition to the peculiarities of a writer who spoke about the tragedy of society, the mastery of the image is studied, as well as the continuation of the story “Bir uys bidai”, the author’s ideas in “Bir kadak bidai” clearly stand out. The issue of national values in the story “Kara Lәilek” is also analyzed in a similar way. The author’s decision, which emphasizes duty and civic duty in his stories, is also fully covered.
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