The economy of Kazakhstan is the first economy in Central Asia and the second among Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries after Russia. On rates of hydrocarbon raw materials extraction Kazakhstan is included into first ten countries of the world. Kazakhstani economy is based on heavy industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and oil and gas. And it allows Kazakhstan is being on the road of economic growth. With economic growth, the energy production and consumption are also increasing rapidly, resulting first of all, on harmful carbon emissions. Thus, the purpose of this research is to carry out a comparative assessment in the energy sector development and to submit forecast of its demand and its environmental impact in terms of Kazakhstani economic growth up to 2040. First scenario (base case) assumes conventional development pattern together with neither significant changes in the patterns of energy supply and demand nor extensively changed policies and measures. The second one (Mitigation) assumes a technological improvement, regulation and industrial development policies and additional policies which have been designed to promote energy efficiency and reduce emissions across the economy. The simulations are applied until the year 2040, while 2015 is set as the base year. The findings suggest in both scenarios Kazakhstan will continue to pursue its economic development driving energy demand and carbon emissions will also raise. However, under Mitigation Scenario, emission intensity will be lower insignificantly.
This study aims to comprehend relations between environmental determinants and agritourism by example of the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. As a basis for the research of this specific content the representation about agrarian recreational-tourist complexes (ARTCs) was developed and applied (ARTCs are special territorial and intersectoral integrities which largely depend on environmental determinants). Agritourism development is presented as the most important prerequisite for different successful tourism activities in Kazakhstan. With use of the developed instruments, information of different types and cartographical data 15 ARTCs were identified within the Almaty region as well as the influence of the environmental determinants for agritourism was studied. In bare outlines, the methods of functional agritourism and ecological agritourism analysis of the ARTCs’ territory based on analysis of the environmental determinants are described. The results of the research can be used for the establishment of prospects for agritourism development within the ARTCs as well as for the development of address recommendation system.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.