A retaining wall with sandy fill was considered as the research object in order to study the nonlimiting active earth pressure under the rotation about the base (RB mode). Rankine’s and Coulomb’s earth pressure theories are no longer applicable to the above conditions (RB mode and nonlimiting active earth pressure). In order to improve the traditional earth pressure calculation methods (Rankine and Coulomb), a calculation method using curvilinear thin layer elements is presented with overall considerations of wall displacement, soil arching effect, and friction angle exertion coefficient to deduce the nonlimit active earth pressure under RB. Additionally, the calculation results were in good agreement with model test data (from Fang and Smita). Moreover, a parametric analysis was carried out. It was revealed that the developed value of the shear strength decreased with the depth, and the active earth pressure distribution curve was linear and nonlinear in the upper and lower halves, respectively.
Building dynamic biological networks, especially DNA circuits, has provided a powerful prospect for exploring the intrinsic regulation processes of live cells. Nevertheless, for efficient intracellular microRNA analysis, the available multi-component circuits are constrained by their limited operating speed and efficiency due to the free diffusion of reactants. Herein, we developed an accelerated Y-shaped DNA catalytic (YDC) circuit for high-efficiency intracellular imaging of microRNA. By grafting the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reactants into an integrated Y-shaped scaffold, the CHA probes were concentrated in a compact space, thus achieving high signal amplification. Profiting from the spatially confined reaction and the self-sustainably assembled DNA products, the YDC system facilitated reliable and in situ microRNA imaging in live cells. Compared with the homogeneously dispersed CHA reactants, the integrated YDC system could efficiently promote the reaction kinetics as well as the uniform delivery of CHA probes, thus providing a robust and reliable analytical tool for disease diagnosis and monitoring.
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