Sepsis is a medical emergency demanding early diagnosis and tailored antimicrobial therapy. Every hour of delay in initiating effective therapy measurably increases patient mortality. Blood culture is currently the reference standard for detecting bloodstream infection, a multistep process which may take one to several days. Here, we report a novel paradigm for earlier detection and the simultaneous identification of pathogens in spiked blood cultures by means of a metabolomic "fingerprint" of the volatile mixture outgassed by the organisms. The colorimetric sensor array provided significantly faster detection of positive blood cultures than a conventional blood culture system (12.1 h versus 14.9 h, P < 0.001) while allowing for the identification of 18 bacterial species with 91.9% overall accuracy within 2 h of growth detection. The colorimetric sensor array also allowed for discrimination between unrelated strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, indicating that the metabolomic fingerprint has the potential to track nosocomial transmissions. Altogether, the colorimetric sensor array is a promising tool that offers a new paradigm for diagnosing bloodstream infections.
The World Health Organization has called for simple, sensitive, and
non-sputum diagnostics for tuberculosis. We report development of a urine
tuberculosis test using a colorimetric sensor array (CSA). The sensor comprised
of 73 different indicators captures high-dimensional, spatiotemporal signatures
of volatile chemicals emitted by human urine samples. The sensor responses to 63
urine samples collected from 22 tuberculosis cases and 41 symptomatic controls
were measured under five different urine test conditions. Basified testing
condition yielded the best accuracy with 85.5% sensitivity and
79.5% specificity. The CSA urine assay offers desired features needed
for tuberculosis diagnosis in endemic settings.
Six julichrome derivatives including a new monomeric julichrome named as julichrome Q 10 (1), and previous reported julichrome Q 6 (2), julichrome Q 6.6 (4), julichrome Q 3.5 (5), julichrome Q 5.6 (6), julichrome Q 2.3 (7), along with a diketopiperazine gliotoxin (3) were isolated from a soil Streptomyces sp. The structures of these compounds were identified by HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR and NMR methods. The isolated compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human hepatocarcinoma HepG-2 and SMMC-7721 cell lines, human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, and human normal heptical LO2 cell line.Among the compounds, gliotoxin (3) showed the most cytotoxic activity against the tested tumor cell lines, with IC 50 values ranging from 0.11 to 1.45 μM. Julichrome Q 6.6 (4) displayed selective cytotoxic activity against SMMC-7721, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines.
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