In conjunction with an increasing public awareness of infectious diseases, the textile industry and scientists are developing hygienic fabrics by the addition of various antimicrobial and antiviral compounds. In the current study, sodium pentaborate pentahydrate and triclosan are applied to cotton fabrics in order to gain antimicrobial and antiviral properties for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of textiles treated with 3 % sodium pentaborate pentahydrate, 0.03 % triclosan, and 7 % Glucapon has been investigated against a broad range of microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Moreover, modified cotton fabrics were tested against adenovirus type 5 and poliovirus type 1. According to the test results, the modified textile goods attained very good antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Thus, the results of the present study clearly suggest that sodium pentaborate pentahydrate and triclosan solution-treated textiles can be considered in the development of antimicrobial and antiviral textile finishes.

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This is the first study demonstrating that venoms of Crotalus atrox and Bufo arenarum have antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas spp. Antiviral activities of 4 venoms against Poliovirus and Adenovirus were also investigated for the first time.

The present work involves development of stable antimicrobial materials containing silver-and zinc-ion-exchanged zeolites. Faujasite X and Linde type A zeolites were synthesized, and following ion exchange with Ag + and Zn ++ ions they were found to exhibit antimicrobial effects against bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus), yeast (C. albicans and C. glabrata), and fungi (A. niger and P. expansum). Zeolites-X and -A containing silver and zinc ions were then mixed with various coating materials, including paints and polypropylene, to develop antimicrobial composites. The long-term antimicrobial characteristics of zeolite-containing composite materials were investigated by inoculating selected microorganisms onto the surface of the materials. The results indicated that the higher the zeolite concentration present in the composite, the more long-term antimicrobial activity was achieved. Silver-ion-exchanged zeolites were more effective against bacterial and candidal species, while zinc zeolites exhibited noticeable antifungal properties. Materials manufactured with metal-ion-exchanged zeolites would prevent microbial growth on surfaces, reducing cross-contamination and infection risk as well as the microbial degradation of products.