Thermoplastic elastomers containing antimicrobial and antiviral additives for mobility applications

İyigündoğdu, Zeynep; Basar, Basak; Couvreur, Rachel; Tamrakar, Sandeep; Yoon, Jaewon; Ersoy, Osman; Şahın, Fikrettin; Mielewski, Deborah F.; Kızıltaş, Alper

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110060

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In the authors' previous publication, they reviewed the effect of contact time on antiviral activity, and found out that the contact time of at least 60 min was required for antiviral-treated TPE to be effective against Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV). 13 After 60 min of contact time, they were able to achieve the efficacy over 3-log reduction. These findings well align with requirements from both EPA and the Ford Motor Company (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In this study, previously selected antimicrobial combination (2.88% disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (Na 2 B 8 O 13 Á4H 2 O) (DOT) and 3.1% Zinc pyrithione (C 10 H 8 N 2 O 2 S 2 Zn) (ZnPT)) was compounded with SEBS-based TPE to create potential antimicrobial substances. 13 Control TPE sample and antiviral TPE were tested against Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) (ATCC VR-874), to determine which had more effective antiviral properties. More details on virus, cell line, antiviral activity testing, and calculation can be found in the previous publication.…”

Section: Virus Cell Line and Antiviral Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More details on virus, cell line, antiviral activity testing, and calculation can be found in the previous publication. 13…”

Section: Virus Cell Line and Antiviral Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term durability of thermoplastic elastomer containing antiviral additives for mobility applications

Iyigundogdu,

Couvreur,

Tamrakar

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In the mobility market, there is a demand from customers for antimicrobial protection. As a result, the market has grown considerably to provide antiviral and antimicrobial polymers and coatings. This study examines how the efficacy of a non‐commercial antimicrobial thermoplastic elastomer will change over the life of the application. Using an example application of an electric scooter handlebar grip, durability requirements were identified, and antiviral efficacy (exceeding a log value of 3 or >99.9 microbial growth reduction) was compared before and after testing. A scooter handlebar grip was selected as the ideal example application as it was a high‐touch surface, with several different riders. During the start of this study, scooter companies were encouraging their riders to disinfect scooter handlebars before riding, use hand sanitizer, and wear gloves. If the handlebar grip could be antimicrobial, then they could eliminate these steps and provide a safe ride for the users. In order to simulate long‐term durability, UV exposure, temperature, humidity, artificial sweat, sunscreen, insect repellent, and abrasion tests were performed and evaluated in terms of antiviral activity. Accelerated weathering reduced the virucidal activity of the sample versus unexposed antiviral thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). However, the efficacy increased with contact time from 90% to 96.83% at 30 and 120 min, respectively. Abrasion resistance of antiviral TPE showed a volume loss of 66 mm3 compared to control samples of 83 mm3. The antiviral TPE sample exhibited slightly lower efficacy compared to the control after exposure to the artificial sweat (99.43% vs. 99.95%). Additionally, a skin tolerance test conducted on rabbits showed that antiviral TPE was not an irritant and showed no dermal toxicity. The outcome of this study will lead to the development of long‐term durable antimicrobial material for the transportation industry.Highlights The effectiveness of an antimicrobial material depends on various environmental factors. Accelerated weathering of the antiviral TPE reduced the efficacy. The antiviral TPE was non‐irritating to the skin. Significant research needs to continue in this area to provide safe and robust solutions. This approach to antimicrobial incorporation can now be applied to the transportation industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Virus Cell Line and Antiviral Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term durability of thermoplastic elastomer containing antiviral additives for mobility applications

Iyigundogdu,

Couvreur,

Tamrakar

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Recent survey results to estimate demand from customers and the marketability of antimicrobial surfaces have shown that people are interested in using antimicrobial materials for transportation applications and would consider the feature at added cost. [ 2 ] On the other hand, safety is uppermost, and manufacturers are looking for cost‐effective and environmentally friendly flame retardants to minimize fire risk in automotive applications. Due to these growing interests, researchers from academia and industries focus more on the next generation of antimicrobial materials and non‐halogenated flame‐retardant materials for electric and autonomous vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…consider the feature at added cost. [2] On the other hand, safety is uppermost, and manufacturers are looking for cost-effective and environmentally friendly flame retardants to minimize fire risk in automotive applications. Due to these growing interests, researchers from academia and industries focus more on the next generation of antimicrobial materials and non-halogenated flameretardant materials for electric and autonomous vehicles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of zinc borate and graphene on enhanced thermal stability and antimicrobial properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)

İyigündoğdu

2023

Polymer Composites

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The use of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) as reinforcing material for thermoplastic polymer matrices, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and zinc borate (ZnB), as an antimicrobial and fire‐retardant agent was studied. PMMA‐ZnB and PMMA‐GnP‐ZnB (ZG) composite films were fabricated with different ZnB concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 wt%) by solvent casting method using acetone. The effect of additives on the antimicrobial activity, thermal and mechanical properties, and surface morphologies of the composites were investigated. Antimicrobial surface activity tests were conducted against seven microorganisms, including bacterial and fungal species. An improvement in antimicrobial activity by up to 99.99% with increasing ZnB content was observed. Thermal stability was increased with increasing concentration of ZnB and a combination of ZnB and GnP additions. 10% ZG‐based composites increased the % char residue value of PMMA from 0.5% to 9.3%. The incorporation of the ZnB and GnP into the PMMA matrix resulted in an increase in the calculated limiting oxygen index (LOI). 10% and 50% weight loss temperature increased by 11.7°C and 3.7°C, respectively, for 10% ZG composites. The Young's modulus of the composites increased with increasing ZnB and a combination of ZnB and GnP loading (increasing by 16% to 2033 MPa with the addition of 10 wt% ZG). The commercial application for this study would be in high touch and piano black automotive interior, construction, and medical applications.

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A novel digital lifecycle for Material‐Process‐Microstructure‐Performance relationships of thermoplastic olefins foams manufactured via supercritical fluid assisted foam injection molding

Pradeep,

Deshpande,

Lavertu

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This research significantly enhances the applicability of thermoplastic olefins (TPOs) in the automotive industry using supercritical N2 as a physical foaming agent, effectively addressing the limitations of traditional chemical agents. It merges experimental results with simulations to establish detailed material‐process‐microstructure‐performance (MP2) relationships, targeting 5–20% weight reductions. This innovative approach labeled digital lifecycle (DLC) helps accurately predict tensile, flexural, and impact properties based on the foam microstructure, along with experimentally demonstrating improved paintability. The study combines process simulations with finite element models to develop a comprehensive digital model for accurately predicting mechanical properties. Our findings demonstrate a strong correlation between simulated and experimental data, with about a 5% error across various weight reduction targets, marking significant improvements over existing analytical models. This research highlights the efficacy of physical foaming agents in TPO enhancement and emphasizes the importance of integrating experimental and simulation methods to capture the underlying foaming mechanism to establish material‐process‐microstructure‐performance (MP2) relationships.Highlights Establishes a material‐process‐microstructure‐performance (MP2) for TPO foams Sustainably produces TPO foams using supercritical (ScF) N2 with 20% lightweighting Shows enhanced paintability for TPO foam improved surface aesthetics Digital lifecycle (DLC) that predicts both foam microstructure and properties DLC maps process effects & microstructure onto FEA mesh for precise prediction

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Thermoplastic elastomers containing antimicrobial and antiviral additives for mobility applications

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Long‐term durability of thermoplastic elastomer containing antiviral additives for mobility applications

Long‐term durability of thermoplastic elastomer containing antiviral additives for mobility applications

Synergistic effects of zinc borate and graphene on enhanced thermal stability and antimicrobial properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)

A novel digital lifecycle for Material‐Process‐Microstructure‐Performance relationships of thermoplastic olefins foams manufactured via supercritical fluid assisted foam injection molding

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