Bioremediation is a biological mechanism of recycling wastes in to another form that can used and reused by other organisms. Nowadays, the world is facing the problem of different environmental pollution. Microorganisms are essential for a key alternative solution to overcome challenges. Microorganisms are survive in all place on the biosphere because of their metabolic activity is astonishing; then come into existence in all over range of environmental conditions. The nutritional capacity of microorganisms is completely varied, so it is used as bioremediation of environmental pollutants. Bioremediation is highly involved in degradation, eradication, immobilization, or detoxifi cation diverse chemical wastes and physical hazardous materials from the surrounding through the all-inclusive and action of microorganisms. The main principle is degrading and transforming pollutants such as hydrocarbons, oil, heavy metal, pesticides, dye's and so on. That is carried out in enzymatic way through metabolizing, so it have grate contribution role to solve many environmental problems There are two types of factors these are biotic and abiotic conditions are determine rate of degradation. Currently, different methods and strategies are applied in the area in different part of the world. For example, biostimulation, bioaugementation, bioventing, biopiles and bioattenuation are common one. All bioremediation techniques it has its own advantage and disadvantage because it has its own specifi c application.
The use of novel PGPR as bio inoculant is an alternative sustainable agricultural practice to improve soil health, grain quality, increase crop productivity, and conserve biodiversity. The aim of this study is to isolate, and characterized PGP bacteria colonizing tef rhizosphere during the seedling stage. For this concern, 426 samples of tef rhizosphere soils and roots were collected from East Shewa zone, Oromia regional state. 200 morphologically different bacterial pure colonies were isolated and screened for their PGP traits and biocontrol properties. Among these 40.5% isolates were positive for phosphate solubilization. 36% were positive for IAA production, 4.5% were positive for ammonia production, 19% were positive for (EXPS), 15.5% were positive for protease production, 12.5% were positive for HCN productions, 9.5% were positive for cellulase production, 4 % were positive for amylase production, 3.5% were positive for chitinase production. For abiotic stress tolerance test, all of the isolates were grew well at 20 and 30oc and neutral pH, 27% isolates were grew well at 4oc, 25.5 % grew at 40oc, 25.5% were grown well on pH-9 and pH-11, 23.5 % were tolerated pH-5, 3.5% grew at 50oc and 60oc, 13.5% were grown well on 5% NaCl (w/v), 3.5% were grown well on 10 and 15% NaCl (w/v), which indicated these isolates can survive in some extreme conditions.Totally 15 bacterial species having PGP traits, biocontrol properties, and abiotic stress tolerance ability were identified using the Biolog bacterial identification system. Among these, the majority of the identified PGPR have utilized carbohydrate, carboxylic acid, and amino acid, which are the main components of plant root exudates. The above results indicated that thus PGPR can be used as biofertilizers as well as biocontrol agents to replace agrochemicals to improve crop productivity. Hence, these species can be further formulated and used for greenhouse and field applications. contained calcium, potassium and other essential minerals found in an equal amount of other grains.
Inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improves the growth, yield, and plant nutrient uptake, as well as rhizosphere fertility, without harming the environment and human health. This study aimed to examine the effect of either individual or consortium of PGP bacterial inoculation on the growth, yield, and grain nutrient uptake of teff varieties. Three potential PGPR strains (i.e., Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G, Enterobacter cloacae ss disolvens, and Serratia marcescens ss marcescens) were used for this study. Field evaluation was carried out in RCBD with 5 treatments. Highly significant (P < 0.001) differences were observed among treatments for plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), number of the total spike (NTS), shoot dry weight (SDW), grain yield (GY), and straw yield (SY). There was also teff variety that significantly (P < 0.01) affects PL, SDW, and SY. However, the interaction effect of the two factors (treatment*variety) did not significantly influence teff agronomic traits and grain nutrient uptake. The highest PH (133.5 cm), PL (53.2), NTS (30.9), SDW (18.1 t/ha), SY (10.7 t/ha), and GY (2.7 t/ha) were observed on Dukem variety (Dz-01-974) inoculated with PGPR consortium. Wherein 2.2 fold increase was observed in grain yield per hectare over the control. Inoculation of PGPR consortium showed better performance in promoting plant growth, yield, and grain nutrient uptake of teff varieties compared with the individual PGP bacterial application, and PGPR consortium could be used as inoculants to enhance teff production and productivity.
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