The antimicrobial activity of 13 total extracts was evaluated, 10 soft extracts (B) and 3 blended extracts (E) prepared from dry and fresh leaves of Petiveria alliacea L. Various solvents were used for their preparation: hydroalcoholic solution at 30%, 80% and isopropyl alcohol. The antimicrobial effect of the extracts was tested by means of the method of Kirby-Bauer, using four bacterial strains from the ATCC collection (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a leveduriform fungus (Candida albicans). The following quality control parameters were determined for most active extracts: physical, physical-chemical and chemical parameters. The results were: nine extracts showed antibacterial activity, being the most concentrated (B8 and E3), the ones with the highest activity in the presence of the bacteria tested; the effect of blended extracts (E1, E2 and E3) was greater in the presence of P. aeruginosa. Blended extracts are considered more potent and active than soft extracts. No antifungal activity was obtained for both types of extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined for both extracts, with the following results: MIC-soft extracts (>100 mg/mL), blended extracts (>50 mg/ mL); MBC-soft extracts (≥400 mg/mL), blended extracts (≥200 mg/mL) based on fresh leaves.Key words: Antimicrobial activity. Anamu. Soft extracts. Blended extracts. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration.Avaliou-se a atividade antimicrobiana de 13 extratos totais, 10 brandos (B) e 3 batidos (E) elaborados a partir da folha seca e fresca da Petiveria alliacea L. Para sua preparação se empregaram vários solventes: solução hidroalcoólica 30%, 80% e álcool isopropílico. O efeito antimicrobiano dos extratos foi comprovado pelo método do Kirby-Bauer, usando para isso quatro cepas bacterianas da coleção ATCC (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis e Pseudomonas aeruginosa) e um fungo leveduriforme (Candida albicans). Determinaram-se parâmetros de controle da qualidade físicos, físico-químicos e químicos dos extratos mais ativos. Obtiveram-se como resultados: que 9 extratos mostraram atividade antibacteriana, sendo os mais concentrados (B8 e E3) os de maior espectro de ação frente às bactérias provadas; o efeito dos extratos batidos (E1, E2 e E3) foi maior frente a P. aeruginosa; os extratos batidos se consideram mais ativos que os brandos e não se obteve atividade antifúngica caso algum. Determinou-se a Concentração Mínima Inhibitoria e Bactericida para ambos os extratos, resultando a primeira para os extratos brandos maior a 100 mg/mL e para as batidos maior a 50 mg/mL; a segunda para os extratos brandos maior ou igual a 400 mg/mL e para as batidos maior ou igual a 200 mg/mL, em relação à droga fresca.Unitermos: Atividade antimicrobiana. Anamú. Extratos brandos. Extratos batidos. Concentração mínima inibitória.
El estudio de las características fi toquímicas de las algas marinas, ha posibilitado que se justifi quen muchas de las propiedades que poseen estos organismos desde el punto de vista farmacológico. En este trabajo se realizó la detección cualitativa de familias de metabolitos de importancia médico-farmacéutica, en extractos del alga parda Padina gymnospora. La biomasa del alga fue colectada en temporada de seca. A partir de ella se elaboraron dos extractos, uno acuoso y otro hidroalcohólico al 50%. La identifi cación de los metabolitos se realizó por medio de ensayos cualitativos y se cuantifi có espectrofotométricamente el contenido de polifenoles totales por Folin-Ciocalteu. Se determinó la presencia de 6 familias (cumarinas, fenoles y/o taninos, fl avonoides, terpenos y esteroides, saponinas, carbohidratos y/o glucósidos). El contenido de polifenoles fue de 0.384 mg/g de extracto en equivalentes de ácido tánico, en el extracto acuoso, mientras que en el hidroalcohólico el valor fue de 0.329 mg/g. Los grupos de metabolitos que más abundaron en el extracto acuoso fueron los carbohidratos/glucósidos, fenoles/taninos y saponinas, en el hidroalcohólico las cumarinas. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser de gran interés para la obtención, a partir del extracto acuoso de Padina gymnospora, de taninos, carbohidratos y saponinas. Palabras claves: metabolitos secundarios, Padina gymnospora, estudio fi toquímico.
Five rhizosphere Bacillus subtilis isolates were tested for in vitro antagonism against a sugarcane seedling pathogen strain of Curvularia gudauskasii. The isolate B. subtilis SR/B-16 was selected because it permanently inhibits 71% of fungal growth. Microscopic analysis of the antagonistic bacteria effects on C. gudauskasii revealed swelling and bulbous hyphae, vacuolated cytoplasm and no spore formation. The analysis of culture filtrates of SR/B-16 collected from stationary phase showed that they are responsible for the antifungal effects and for the abnormal shapes observed. However, bacterial culture efficiency is higher. The organic concentrated fraction of the extracts caused the same morphological changes as those caused by antifungal lipopeptides secreted by Bacillus species. The strain SR/B-16 can be used for the formulation of bioactive compounds for the treatment of C. gudauskasii diseases on sugarcane seedlings.
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