Near-surface disposal (NSD) has been applied in several countries to dispose of low-level radioactive waste. The demo plant of this disposal type is planned to be constructed in Serpong Nuclear Area, Banten. An assessment of radiation exposure is necessary to ensure the safety requirement of the facility in order to support this program. This study aims to estimate radionuclide migration from the proposed NSD demo facility to the environment and the corresponding total human dose using AMBER mathematical modeling. The representative radionuclide,137Cs, was selected because of its high mobility in the environment and the relatively long half-life in the low-level waste inventory. The scenario considered in the modeling was the normal release to the environment through groundwater. Parameters such as initial radionuclide concentration, soil physical parameters of the study site, and disposal design were entered into AMBER software to be calculated using mathematical formulas. The results show that the radionuclide concentration value in the environment is below the safe limit recommended by the Environmental Supervisory Agency. Likewise, the maximum dose received by the community around the facility is 7.40×10-11 mSv/y, 550 years after the post-closure of the facility, which is also below the regulatory limit of 1 mSv/y for the public.
This study assessed the potential radiological impact of a class 3 landfill as a disposal facility of the final tin slag from the tin industry in Bangka Island. Tin slag that contains TENORM (Technically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) with activity concentrations above exemption level limits should be stored safely and securely. The radiological impact analysis of storing TENORM waste was carried out before and after the construction of a landfill facility. RESRAD OFFSITE version 3.2 software was used to simulate dose and cancer risk, and analyze the contribution of exposure pathways. Radionuclide concentration, landfill facility specifications, hydrogeological data, climatological data, and food and water consumption data were used as input parameters of RESRAD. The receptor was a resident farmer who lives 100 meters from the facility, grows his own food, and consumes water from his land. The total dose before and after the construction of the landfill were 3.13 mSv/year and 1.84×10-2 mSv/year while cancer risks were 5.69×10-3 and 6.50×10-5, respectively. The exposure pathways from inhalation of radon become a major contributor to dose acceptance and cancer risk. Based on these results, the landfill facility is effective in reducing the potential impact of radiological hazards from dose acceptance and cancer risk.
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