The paper presents the results of the geochemical-pedological researches based on the lead concentrations in soil of the Tuzla's urban area. The main goal of the research was to determine to what extent, the urban area of Tuzla was contaminated by lead and to determine the pollutant origin. The 129 soil samples were collected in situ on the of area about 100 km 2 . The testing of the lead concentration in soil samples was performed by mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with detection range of 0.02 to 10.000 ppm. The exceeding of the maximum permissible concentrations of lead (as defined by the "Pravilnik o utvrđivanju dozvoljenih količina štetnih i opasnih tvari u zemljištu i metode njihovog ispitivanja"), was recorded in eight soil samples (samples 108, 170, 171, 182, 187, 189, 195 and 244), 6.20% of the total analyzed. The exceeded lead concentrations range from 114.0 -190.82 ppm and the average value is 146.72 ppm. The concentration of lead in the soil, which is within the limits of the doses, ranges from 14.14 to 60.74 ppm, and the mean value is 33.68 ppm. Locations of elevated lead concentrations are closely related to the main road, resulting that the contamination is the result of the anthropogenic activities.
Research on potentially toxic elements chromium and nickel and laboratory testing of their concentrations was carried out in the wider area of Maglaj, with the aim to detect and determine their quantities, which gave basis for discussion about origins of these pollutants in soil. Field and laboratory observations included 45 soil samples, taken by the network, which is dictated by geomorphological conditions. The most frequently sampled type of soil are fluvisol and humofluvisol. Concentration of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) are obtained by the most sophisticated laboratory method (ICP-MS), with a highly sensitive detection threshold (0.1 to 10,000 ppm).Evaluation of test results showed that concentrations of Cr (max. 954 ppm, min 154 ppm, average 457.5 pmm) and Ni (max 504.5 ppm, min 103.5 ppm; average 275.57 pmm) are significantly increased compared to the concentrations prescribed in the Regulations on determination of allowed amounts of harmful and hazardous substances in soil (Cr max = 100 ppm and Ni max = 50 ppm). Considering geological settings of surrounding area (the dominant presence of igneous ultramafic and mafic rocks) it can be concluded that high concentrations of Cr and Ni have geogenic origins, what is mean that they originate from source rocks from which they are separated through the long-term decomposition and disintegration processes.
The paper assesses the vulnerability of 27 groundwater bodies in the basin of the river Bosna, ie Spreča, then the river basin of the Drina river (Drinjača), as well as parts of the immediate Sava river basin (Čelić area - Gnjica river and Turija basin) by the GLA method. For each water body, the determination of the effective soil capacity, degree of infiltration and rock type was made, as well as the final assessment of the protective efficiency of the unsaturated zones soil covering.
SUMMARYThe vulnerability results of groundwaterbodies of southeastern Bosnia are shown in this paper. On the examined area 27 groundwater bodies were extracted, where 12 groundwaterbodies are in rocks with intergranular porosity and 15 groundwaterbodies are in rocks with karst-fissure porosity. All of the groundwater bodies were analysed through DRASTIC, GLA, PI and EPIK vulnerability determination methods, where the gained results are presented tabular. Depending on the porosity type, the vulnerability determination methods were used. So for intergranular groundwaterbodies the best results were gained by DRASTIC and GLA methods, while for the karst-fissure groundwater bodies the best results were gained by the EPIK method, which is the implementation of PI method.
The main goal of the research was to determine to which extent the copper (Cu) is dominant in the topsoils ofTuzla's area. Considering the defined goal, the detailed soil analyze for the presence of this element in thearea of Tuzla, was carried out. The terrain work was based on soil sampling (240 samples) from the area ofabout 303 km2. The sampling network for the urban part of the town was 1x1 km, and for the rural part1,5x1,5 km and according to URGE instructions. The Cu concentrations are obtained by the most sophisticatedlaboratory method (ICP-MS), with a highly sensitive detection threshold (0.02 to 10,000 ppm). Elevatedconcentrations of copper in the Tuzla’s topsoil are recorded in 64 samples. The copper concentrations in thesesamples ranges from 50 ppm to 156,1 ppm. Highly exceeded concentrations are recorded in samples No: 64,66, 163, 170, 171, 182, 187, 195, 214 and 249a, located mostly in the western part of the Tuzla. The increasedconcentrations copper are primarily a consequence of anthropogenic impacts in enviroment.
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