Introduction/Objective "Cariogram" takes into account interactions between caries-related factors and expresses a graphic assessment of the caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between caries risk and different variables of Cariogram in pregnant women. Methods This study included 96 pregnant women. At baseline, data on general health, diet, oral hygiene, and fluoride exposure were obtained. DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index was calculated by clinical examination. Saliva analyses included mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts, buffer capacity, and secretion rate. Scores were entered and caries risk was assessed. The women were divided into five groups according to their Cariogram caries risk. Results The results of the study showed that 29.17% (28) of the pregnant women had high caries risk, 21.88% (21)-medium, 17.71% (17)-low, 16.67% (16)-very high, and 14.58% (14)-very low caries risk. In an average caries risk profile of pregnant women, the dominant sector was "Bacteria" (18.85% of the risk structure profile), followed by "Diet" (17.97%), "Circumstances" (15.68%), and "Susceptibility" sector (14.65%). Conclusion Cariogram shows that pregnant women in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, had 46.14% chance of avoiding caries in the future. The Cariogram model can successfully determine caries risk profiles for pregnant women.
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors for S-ECC among infants under 24 months of age living in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out. Considering inclusion criteria, the total sample consisted of 192 examined infants under 24 months of age. Parents/caregivers were interviewed ahead of each dental examination of children. Following data collection, outcome measures were: the presence/absence of S-ECC (children with at least one active early carious lesion on the smooth surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth/caries-free children) and the severity of dental caries (no caries, initial caries and cavitated caries lesion).Results: Overall results of the study indicated that 22.9% of infants had initial caries, while 12.0% (95% CI: 8.1-17.3) of infants had at least one cavitated carious lesion. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age of infants (p < 0.001) and family monthly income (p = 0.003) variables were statistically significant predictors for the development of caries.Conclusions: This research found that the most important risk predictors for the development and severity (intensity) of S-ECC in infants under 24 months of age were low monthly income of parents and the infant's age.
Dental restorations need to reproduce the aspect of the natural teeth of the patient, and must be non-toxic, biocompatible, and have good mechanical properties so that they can last for longer. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on four different dental material surfaces, i.e., two glass–ionomer cements (Fuji conventional and Fuji hybrid) and two ceramic composites (Micro hybrid composite and Nano hybrid composite). To understand the bacterial adhesion on these four different dental materials, various surface properties were measured: roughness, contact angle, CIE color parameters and zeta potential. We found that the greatest adhesion extent was obtained for the Nano hybrid composite surface. The pronounced adhesion is the interplay between the relatively high roughness and hydrophilicity of the Nano hybrid composite surface. Color changes upon immersing ceramic composites in red wine and black tea proved that both beverages adhered to them. Black tea adhered more intensively than wine, and showed a higher inhibitory effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus.
Background: Depending on the cause of discoloration, bleaching materials and other factors, vital dental bleaching techniques may be professional (in-office dental bleaching), at-home night-guard bleaching and combined. The main objective of this study was to determine, in vitro, tooth colour change using external dental bleaching techniques with 16% and 30% carbamide peroxide gel and to investigate the effect of concentration of carbamide peroxide gel on the bleaching success. Method: This study included 20 extracted intact human teeth. Teeth were divided into two groups of ten each: the first group was bleached with 16% and the second group with 30% carbamide peroxide gel. The procedure was repeated three times for each tooth. The existing colour on each tooth was recorded using VITA classical shade guide A1-D4 before treatment, after each session and after bleaching was completed. Results: A significant difference (p < 0.01) was found between the first and the second bleaching treatment, for both concentrations (Exact binomial test). A significant difference (p <0.05) was also present between the second and the third treatment, while no statistically significant difference was found between the first and the third bleaching treatment, for both concentrations. There was no statistically significant difference between groups based on degree of tooth shade (χ2 test). Conclusion: The teeth bleaching technique with 16% carbamide peroxide gel and the teeth bleaching technique with 30% carbamide peroxide gel have shown the same efficiency in changing the tooth colour.
Background/Aim. Periodontal tissue maintenance therapy is an important phase of the overall periodontal disease therapy. This paper aims to determine subgingival air-polishing efficacy with glycine powder in putative paropathogens reduction, plaque index, gingival bleeding index and probing depth. Methods. The study included 44 patients with aggressive periodontitis of both sexes, aged between 21 and 50, divided into two groups. Subgingival air-polishing was applied in the first group and sonic scaling in the control (second) group. Biofilm samples were taken from 5 deepest periodontal pockets before the therapy and 3 and 15 months after it. Paropathogens Aggreggatibacter actinomy-cetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsithya, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola were detected by PCR analysis. Results. Paropathogens values were decreased after applied treatments. There was a statistically significant reduction in the mean value of full-mouth plaque (FMPS), from 43.00 to 14.90 (first group) and from 44.71 to 15.54 (second group), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS) from 42.55 to 13.85 (first group) and from 43.04 to 15.17 (second group), as well as in probing depth from 3.40 to 2.64 (first group) and from 3.85 to 2.91 (second group), three months after the therapy. Conclusion. Subgingival air-polishing successfully reduces putative paropathogens and clinical parameters three months after the treatment.
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