Background: Depending on the cause of discoloration, bleaching materials and other factors, vital dental bleaching techniques may be professional (in-office dental bleaching), at-home night-guard bleaching and combined. The main objective of this study was to determine, in vitro, tooth colour change using external dental bleaching techniques with 16% and 30% carbamide peroxide gel and to investigate the effect of concentration of carbamide peroxide gel on the bleaching success. Method: This study included 20 extracted intact human teeth. Teeth were divided into two groups of ten each: the first group was bleached with 16% and the second group with 30% carbamide peroxide gel. The procedure was repeated three times for each tooth. The existing colour on each tooth was recorded using VITA classical shade guide A1-D4 before treatment, after each session and after bleaching was completed. Results: A significant difference (p < 0.01) was found between the first and the second bleaching treatment, for both concentrations (Exact binomial test). A significant difference (p <0.05) was also present between the second and the third treatment, while no statistically significant difference was found between the first and the third bleaching treatment, for both concentrations. There was no statistically significant difference between groups based on degree of tooth shade (χ2 test). Conclusion: The teeth bleaching technique with 16% carbamide peroxide gel and the teeth bleaching technique with 30% carbamide peroxide gel have shown the same efficiency in changing the tooth colour.
Introduction. Increasing requirements for durable fillings and marginal integrity have influenced the development of new materials and restorative techniques. Contemporary demands for esthetic restorations have encouraged the development of new composite material ?self-etch flowable composite?. The aim of this study was to test the marginal seal in small Class V cavities after restoration with self etch flowable composite material Vertise Flow and flowable composite Tetric Flow, both polymerised using conventional light-curing technique. Material and Methods. The study was conducted on 40 extracted human teeth (20 intact, 20 carious). Each group included 10 premolars and 10 molars. In all teeth two cavities class V of diameter 3?2?2 mm were prepared (buccal and lingual surface). On the buccal surface the cavities were filled with self etch flowable composite Vertise Flow (Kerr Dental Products), and on the lingual surface with flowable composite Tetric Flow (Ivoclar Vivadent) using appropriate adhesive system. Polymerisation was performed using LED lamp (Ivoclar Vivadent). Microleakage was tested with silver nitrate solution. Using stereoloupe with micrometer scale and six times magnification dye penetration was measured. Results. Mean dye penetration in intact molars restored with Vertise Flow was 3.41 ?m, while in intact molars restored with Tetric Flow it was 4.23 ?m. In intact premolars restored with Vertise Flow, the average dye penetration was 1.14 ?m and in intact premolars restored with Tetric Flow it was 3.90 ?m. Dye penetration in carious molars restored with Vertise Flow and polymerised using conventional polymerization technique was 3.66 ?m, while using Tetric Flow it was 7.94 ?m. In carious premolars restored with Vertise Flow dye penetration was 3.97 ?m, while with Tetric Flow it was 7.12 ?m. The total dye penetration was lower in intact compared to carious teeth. Greater dye penetration was found in molars compared to premolars. Conclusion. Vertise Flow showed better quality of bond with hard dental tissue than Tetric Flow when classical polymerization technique was used.
Objective. The causes of internal posteruptive discoloration of teeth are bleeding, necroses, infections, and endodontic filling materials. The aim of this study was to establish the results of bleaching endodontically treated teeth using walking bleach, in-office, and combined techniques, using 30% carbamide peroxide and 35% hydrogen peroxide, as well as the effect of etiological factors, and the time elapsed after endodontic treatment on the success of bleaching. Materials and Methods. The research involved 30 endodontically treated teeth in healthy patients. Retroalveolar X-rays were taken to check the quality of root canal obturation. Endodontic treatment and obturation were carried out on the discolored non-vital teeth without any previous endodontic treatment. Before bleaching, two millimeters of the filling were removed from the root canal and the very entry into the canal was protected with glass ionomer cement. The teeth were divided into three groups, depending on the bleaching technique: walking bleach technique (10 patients), in-office technique (10 patients), and combined technique (10 patients). The teeth were bleached with 30% carbamide peroxide and 35% hydrogen peroxide. The bleaching procedure was repeated in all the patients three times. The color of all teeth was determined based on the Vita Classic guide before and after bleaching. The Χ² square and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to identify differences in teeth bleaching results. Results. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was established between bleaching success and the time elapsed after endodontic treatment. There were no statistically significant differences observed between the bleaching success and etiological factors, bleaching techniques, or bleaching agents. Conclusions. The effectiveness of non-vital tooth bleaching is affected by the time elapsed after endodontic treatment.
Introduction. Bond between composite materials and bleached teeth depends on the change of micro-morphological structure of enamel and dentin after the application of bleaching agent. Bleaching procedure can weaken adhesion of composite materials to hard tissues, where even just a presence of hydrogen peroxide may affect their polymerization. The aim of this study was to determine bond strength of composite materials after internal teeth bleaching using 30% carbamide peroxide. Material and Methods. The study was conducted on 20 extracted, endodontically treated human teeth. After internal teeth bleaching with 30% carbamide peroxide a class V cavity was prepared and restored with Tetric EvoCeram nanocomposite material. Microleakage was determined using dye method (silver nitrate) and measured on the incisal and gingival walls using stereoloupes. Results. Linear dye penetration on the incisal wall (7.25 ?m) of bleached teeth was greater than on the incisal wall in non-bleached (control group) teeth (5.75 ?m) but with no statistically significant difference. Dye penetration on the gingival wall of bleached teeth (20.00 ?m) was greater than on the gingival wall of the control group (14.25 ?m). This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion. Greater microleakage and inferior bond of composite material was observed in teeth bleached with internal bleaching technique (30% carbamide peroxide) compared to non-bleached teeth.
Introduction. Advance in new nano-composite materials and adhesive systems has provided stronger bond with hard dental tissue as well as possibility for minimal cavity preparation. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using dye method, marginal seal of direct composite veneers placed on intact and abraded anterior teeth and polymerized with classical and soft start light curing technique. Material and Methods. The study was conducted on 40 extracted human anterior teeth. They were extracted for periodontal reasons and divided into two groups: intact teeth (20) and abraded teeth (20). 10 teeth in each group were polymerized with classical and soft start technique. Dye penetration was measured using stereo loupes with micrometer scale and six times magnification. Results. Linear dye penetration on the gingival wall when direct composite veneers were placed in intact teeth and polymerized with classical technique was 2.50 ?m, while on the incisal wall it was 0.5 ?m. Linear dye penetration on the gingival wall in intact teeth polymerized with soft start technique was 2.25 ?m, while on the incisal wall it was 2.0 ?m. Average dye penetration of direct composite veneers in abraded teeth polymerized with classical technique on the gingival wall was 3.0 ?m while on the incisal wall it was 1.25 ?m. Linear dye penetration in abraded teeth polymerized with soft start technique was greater on the gingival wall (3.50 ?m) than on the incisal wall (3.25 ?m). Conclusion. Smaller microcrack was observed on the incisal wall than on the gingival wall in all teeth regardless of the technique of polymerization used. The least dye penetration was observed in the group of intact teeth polymerized with classical technique of polymerization.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.