BackgroundThe presence or absence of pressure ulcers has been generally regarded as a performance measure of quality nursing care and overall patient health. The aim of this study- wasto explorenurses’ attitude about pressure ulcer prevention’and to identify staff nurses’ perceived barriers to pressure ulcer prevention public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA self-reported multi-center institutional based cross sectional study design was employed to collect data from staff nurses (N = 222) working in six (6) selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, from April 01–28/2015.ResultsMajority of the nurses had (n = 116, 52.2%) negative attitude towards pressure ulcer prevention. The mean scores of the test for all participants was 3.09out of 11(SD =0.92, range = 1–5). Similarly, the study revealed several barriers need to be resolved to put in to practice the strategies of pressure ulcer prevention; Heavy workload and inadequate staff (lack of tie) (83.1%), shortage of resources/equipment (67.7%) and inadequate training (63.2%) were among the major barriers identified in the study.ConclusionsThe study finding suggests that Addis Ababa nurses have negative attitude to pressure ulcer prevention. Also several barriers exist for implementing pressure ulcer prevention protocols in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Suggestion for improving this situation is attractive.

ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease with considerable impact on health status and quality of life. It has a profound effect on quality of life in terms of social and psychological as well as physical well-being. This study was conducted to assess health related quality of life among patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes.ResultA cross-sectional study design was conducted from April to May, 2015. World Health Organization quality of life-BREF tool was used for collecting the data. A total of 344 patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes were involved in the study. The overall health related quality of life mean score of the study participants was 52.6 ± 12.1 SD. Social domain has higher mean score (57.8 ± 14.8 SD). Educational status, marital status, occupation, duration of the diabetes and diabetes related complications had statistically significant association with health-related quality of life. An intervention that give special attention to the breaking of the cycle of low occupational status and literacy; and which encourage patients with type 2 DM to have good control of their diabetes and prevent complication should be implemented to improve their quality of life.

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the first commonest diagnosed cancer in men and the fourth commonest in women in Ethiopia. Awareness of CRC and associated factors is crucial in the prevention of CRC. However, there have not been studies about the awareness of CRC and associated factors among adult patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the awareness of CRC and associated factors among adult patients in Jimma, South-West Ethiopia, 2020. Methods This institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 422 adult patients. The study respondents were recruited by a systematic random sampling method. The Cancer Awareness Measure questions were used to measure awareness of CRC of adult patients. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results More than half (57.6%) of respondents had low-level awareness of CRC. Respondents who were females (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.75), who are residing in urban areas (AOR = .45; 95% CI: .30, .67), who had a monthly income of 3000 Ethiopian Birr and above (AOR = 4.72; 95% CI: 3.11, 7.15), who heard about CRC (AOR = 4.48; 95% CI: 2.90, 6.93), who get information through social media about CRC (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.18, 5.37), and who had a family history of CRC (AOR = 3.27; 95% CI: 1.45, 7.36) had a high level of awareness of CRC, while those who cannot read and write (AOR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.49, 5.37) and learn elementary school (AOR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.93) had a low level of awareness of CRC. Conclusion This study indicated that awareness of CRC of adult patients was inadequate. Adult patients’ gender, residency, level of education, monthly income, heard about CRC, sources of information about CRC, and a family history of CRC were found to be independent predictors of the awareness of CRC. Therefore, there is a need for health education and awareness campaigns for promoting awareness of CRC of adult patients, and the government should develop policy on CRC prevention and screening program.

BackgroundCervical cancer is a cancer of uterine cervix caused mostly by sexually-acquired infection called Human papillomavirus (HPV. In developing region of the globe, fewer than 50% of women with cervical malignancy survive more than 5 years. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess survival status and associated factors of death among cervical cancer patients attending at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Ethiopia.MethodsFacility based retrospective cohort study was conducted from March to April 2019 at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital oncology center. Data was collected from patient’s chart using pre-tested and structured checklist prepared in English and analyzed using STATA14.2. Cox regression model was used to identify Variables that affected survival.ResultThe overall survival rate was 38.62% at 5 years. There were a significance differences in survival experience between categories of stage of cervical cancer, age of patients, comorbidity, substance use, base line anemia and treatment modalities. Being stage IV [AHR = 11.76; 95% CI (4.02–34.4)],being advanced age [AHR = 5.99; 95% CI (2.1–17.08)], being comorbid [AHR = 1.58; 95%CI(1.14–2.19)], using substance [AHR = 1.56;95% CI(1.09–2.22)] and being anemic [AHR = 1.6;95% CI(1.11–2.36)] increased the risk of death.ConclusionThe overall survival rate was lower than high- and middle-income countries and Significant factors of death after diagnosis of cervical cancer were; advanced FIGO stage, base line anemia, comorbidity, substance use, advanced age and treatment modality. Authors recommend that it is better to expand cervical cancer early screening programs and treatment facilities, strengthen awareness in collaboration with public medias about cervical cancer prevention, screening and treatment options.

Background Surgical site infections are one of the commonest types of healthcare-associated infections. Up to 60% of these infections are estimated to be preventable by using evidence-based guidelines. As a front line caregiver, nurses are responsible for the majority of preventive activities. Hence, the enhanced practical skill of nurses is an essential component in preventive actions. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the practice of nurses and identify factors associated with it regarding prevention of surgical site infections in Addis Ababa city public hospitals. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out from March 01-30, 2018. An adapted and pretested, self-administered questionnaire was utilized as a data collection tool. A stratified random sampling technique was employed by considering the level of hospitals as a stratum. Data were entered into a computer using Epi-data 3.1 statistical package. Then, it was exported to SPSS Version 23 for further analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed for the study variables. Bivariate regression analysis was also run to assess the association between independent variables and the level of nurse's practice. To see the relative effect of independent variables on the nurse's practice, a multivariable regression analysis was carried out.

Background: Testicular self-examination is a screening technique that involves inspection and palpation of the testes for early detection of testicular cancer. The incidence of testicular cancer among 15-35 aged males have increased worldwide though being rare in the general population. In spite of increase, nine out of ten testicular cancer cases can be detected by testicular self-examination and almost 90% can be cured if earlier detected. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of testicular-self-examination and associated factors among nonhealth sciences Debre Tabor University undergraduate regular students, North West Ethiopia Methods: An institution based cross -sectional quantitative study among 422 students was conducted. Study participants were stratified based on their year and field of study. After proportional allocation study subjects were selected by simple random sampling method. Pretested structured self-administered questionnaire was used. The data was entered to Epidata version 3.1statistical software and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 22.0. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out. Results:A total of 422 respondents were participated with a response rate of (98.3%). Out of the respondents (31.8%) had good knowledge, almost half (51.3%) of respondents had favorable attitude and (11.8%) had good practice for testicular selfexamination. The major reason (62.0%) to not perform testicular self-examination was lack of knowledge about testicular self-examination.Conclusion: Testicular self-examination knowledge and practice among respondents were inadequate due to lack of health promotion for testicular self-examination, but their attitude towards TSE was optimal. Improving information dissemination about TSE and TC may help to reduce the presentation of patients at advanced stages of TC and may reduce costs incurred in their management.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the first commonest diagnosed cancer in men and the fourth commonest in women in Ethiopia. The most significant factors that may increase the risk of having CRC were modifiable. However, little is known about the awareness of CRC and associated factors among adult patients in study area. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the awareness of CRC and associated factors among adult patients in Jimma, South-West Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: The institution-based quantitative cross-sectional study design was conducted among 422 patients from March 8 to April 30, 2020. The study participants were recruited by a systematic random sampling method and data was collected semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression was implemented. The statistical level of significance was stated at p-value < 0.05. Result: A 100% response rate in this study was recorded. More than half (57.6%) of the study participants had low awareness of colorectal cancer. Smoking (78.2%) and bloody stool (49.3%) were the most known risk factors and symptoms. There is a significant association between awareness of colorectal cancer with gender, residency, monthly income, level of education, information sources, and heard about CRC. Conclusion: Overall awareness of patients towards CRC was inadequate. Participants with high levels of education and females had better awareness, however; the overall awareness of them was insufficient. Therefore, there is a need for awareness campaigns and health education for promoting colorectal cancer awareness.

Background: Cytotoxic extravasation is a major adverse effect than the combinations of sepsis, neutropenia, mucositis and gastrointestinal disorders. Pain, immobility, irreversible damage to nerves, tissues and tendons, skin grafting and loss of extremities are the significant morbidities secondary to extravasation.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess nurse’s knowledge and associated factors toward prevention and management of cytotoxic extravasation in selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College that was purposely selected. A convenience sampling technique was employed for the selection of study participants. The data were collected by using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data entry and cleaning were done by using Epi-Data version 4.6 and SPSS version 25. A logistic regression analysis technique was employed to evaluate the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Statistical significance was declared at p</=0.05. The data description is presented in the text, tables and graphic representation.Result: A total of 124 nurses voluntarily participated in the study with a response rate of 93.2% and 58.1% were female nurses. The majority (45.2%) of study participants are from the age group of 20-29 years. The mean (±SD) age was 31.86 (±5.987) years. A total of 34.7% of respondents had a good levels of knowledge to prevent and manage cytotoxic extravasation. Nurses who received training were 6.6 times more likely to have good knowledge of the prevention and management of cytotoxic extravasation; [AOR= 6.602 (2.705-16.109)].Conclusion and recommendation: Generally 65.3% of study participants had poor knowledge of the prevention and management of cytotoxic extravasation. A high number (66.9%) of nurses’ were not trained on cytotoxic extravasation. Supporting nurses working in cancer centers with continuous training programs to enhance their knowledge on extravasation should be a primary task.