The present study offers a comparative analysis of mathematics questions placed in Turkish and Canadian school textbooks in terms of cognitive process and knowledge dimension as well as the question types. In order to get the required data, eight textbooks were analyzed respectively. Document analysis was conducted to collect the data from these textbooks. In order to compare the differences and similarities between the questions found in these textbooks as well as their levels of cognitive learning, these questions were analyzed and classified according to the types of cognitive processes and knowledge dimensions they address. Mathematics questions existing in Turkish and Canadian textbooks showed a similar tendency in terms of cognitive learning domain. However, compared to the Turkish textbooks, it was found that the questions provided in the Canadian textbooks contained more constructed response questions that required higher-order cognitive abilities. It is recommended that the number of higher order thinking questions should be increased in accordance with international examinations.
As a result of rapid development in technology, utilizing materials in education has become important. To date, researchers have often explored the effects of using educational materials in mathematics instruction on academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to combine the empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of educational materials in mathematics. For this aim, a meta-analysis method was used in the current research. In line with the aim of the research, 54 experimental studies published between years of 2005 and 2016 were included in the meta-analysis and 58 effect sizes were calculated from these studies. The results of the meta-analysis showed that using materials in mathematics has a positive and high influence on achievement. According to analysis of mediator variables that are related to instructional characteristics, significant differences are found in the variables of mathematics topic, type of material, and application time. However, teaching with materials in mathematics did not seem to differ in effectiveness from teaching without materials, in terms of methodological characteristics of the studies.
The aim of this study is to develop a scale to determinate pre-service teachers' pedagogical content knowledge. The research was carried out with the 768 pre-service teachers in different universities in Turkey. The study consists of five parts including a literature review, an item pool, experts' opinions, administration of scale and computing the reliability and validity. While constituting the pool of items, an interview was carried out with 15 pre-service teachers regarding pedagogical content knowledge and 20 teachers were asked to write an essay related to this topic. The draft scale obtained was administered to 768 pre-service teachers and the result of factor analysis, the number of items was reduced to 38. Besides, the Cronbach-Alpha internal integrity coefficient of the final version of the scale was found to be 0.967. After computing the reliability of PCKS, the scale is ready to be used.
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