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Stenting is a vegetative propagation method, based on cutting and grafting in one action. The question addressed in this study is whether indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration is able to impress success of Chinese hibiscus propagation when grafted onto two kinds of rootstocks. The used IBA concentrations include: 0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 ppm and two cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus ("Blue Stain" and "Jeanne d'Arc"), which have been used as rootstock. Results indicated that, all the cultivars were superior for most of the measured parameters when IBA treatments were used compared to control plants except for average of the longest root size. The highest healing percentage resulted in stentlings (plant which has been propagated by stenting method) with 5000 ppm of IBA treatment. All IBA treatments significantly increased rooting percentage compared with the control plants. Stentlings that were treated with 3000 and 5000 ppm of IBA, produced the greatest leave number. In Chinese hibiscus/"Jeanne d'Arc" combination, higher root number and dry weight of roots were observed. Interactions of kinds of rootstock and IBA concentration showed that the highest healing percentage was obtained in "Blue Stain" in concentration of 5000 ppm and the highest root number were seen in stentlings with "Jeanne d'Arc" in 3000 ppm and "Jeanne d'Arc" in 5000 ppm.

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An experiment was undertaken to study the effects of two grafting times (1st of June and end of September) as well as kind of rootstock on growth and rooting of rose stentlings. Two Rosa species i.e. R. canina and R. manetti were selected as rootstock and three different hybrid tea rose cultivars namely Avalanch, Peach Avalanch and Dolcevita were grafted on them as scion through omega and splice techniques. The growth parameters were collected 57 days after grafting. The highest average of rooting, healing percentage, numbers of root, shoot and leaves were seen in September grafted plants. In overall Rosa canina was the best rootstock for Avalanch cultivar. Other observations did not lead to any prominent result as it varied with time of grafting, scion and rootstock cultivars.

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Adventitious root formation in stem cuttings is affected by exogenous and endogenous factors. The study assessed the effect of Fe(III)-EDDHA (ethylenediamine-N,N-bis 2-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) on the rooting of 4 indol-3-butyric acid (IBA)-treated hardwood cuttings of the aromatic and medicinal species Rosmarinus officinalis. Cuttings treated with 0, 1000, 2000 or 3000 mg L−1 IBA were placed in pots filled with sand:perlite mixture and irrigated daily with nutrient solution pH 5.8, containing 0, 5, 10 or 20 µM Fe(III)-EDDHA. Ten days later, the number of new emerging roots were recorded. After 20 days, leaf photosynthetic pigments and morphological traits, including root number, fresh (FW) and dry weight (DW), shoot FW and DW, mean length of the longest roots, number of new shoots and new growth in old shoots, were measured. Finally, plants were transplanted to pots filled with a sand:soil mixture and survival was measured after 10 days. Results indicate that Fe application promotes root emergence and improves root and shoot biomass, leaf photosynthetic pigment concentrations and survival percentage. This indicates that using low concentrations of Fe(III)-EDDHA (5–20 µM) in the growth medium could be a good management strategy to facilitate the production of vigorous R. officinalis plants from hardwood cuttings.

The study was aimed to determine the effects of foliar applications of thidiazuron and putrescine, two compounds that may cause iron (Fe) remobilization, in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) grown in controlled conditions under a limited Fe supply. In a first experiment, plants were grown in a greenhouse in a mixture of sand and perlite with pre-growth/growth Fe concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 µM, and treated three consecutive times with foliar sprays of 0 or 45.4 µM thidiazuron. In a second experiment, plants were grown in a greenhouse in hydroponics with pre-growth/growth Fe concentrations in the nutrient solution ranging from 0 to 20 µM, and treated three consecutive times with foliar sprays of 0, 2.27, or 5.67 mM putrescine. Parameters measured included leaf photosynthetic pigments and Fe concentrations, root ferric chelate reductase activities, photosynthesis rates and peroxidase in leaf extracts in the first experiment, and leaf photosynthetic pigments, leaf and root micronutrient concentrations, root ferric chelate reductase activities, and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in leaf extracts in the second experiment. Results indicate that foliar thidiazuron and putrescine treatments in the µM and mM ranges, respectively, improve Fe transport to the leaf under zero or low supply of Fe. This indicates that foliar treatments with thidiazuron and putrescine increase remobilization of pre-existing plant Fe pools. This could be an additional tool for the optimization of Fe nutrition in ornamental plants such as C. officinalis when grown in controlled conditions.