Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death among the Indian population. Motorcycle accidents are the most prominent type of injuries among road traffic accidents in India. In this prospective cross-sectional study, all the patients attending three centers in north Bangalore, with facial injuries occurring from a motorcycle accident, were included. The subjects were analyzed for the type of collision, helmet use, type of helmet use, and fastening status of the helmets. A total of 311 motorcyclists were included in this study for a period of 18 months (December 2015 to June 2017). There were 79.7% males and 20.3% females. The most prominent age group was 21 to 30 years. The percentage of riders sustaining facial injuries was significantly more in the non-helmeted group. The most common injuries in open face helmets were in the middle and lower third of the face, whereas in closed face helmets it was in the middle third of the face. The numbers of injuries were significantly higher in the nonfastened helmet group as compared with fastened helmet group. Helmet fixation is an important characteristic along with helmet type for the better effectiveness and safety of the helmets for the motorcyclists.
Objective: Primary objective was to determine the frequency of in-stent restenosis (ISR) among second/third generation drug eluting stents (DES), diagnosed angiographically in cardiac catheterization laboratory either in emergency settings or elective stage procedure and to determine the risk factors precipitating ISR.
Study Design: Analytical Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of the study: Tertiary Cardiac Care Center of Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Nov 2021 to Apr 2022.
Methodology: After hospital ethical committee approval, medical data of consecutive patients were analyzed. Clinical and bio data were obtained followed by admission. Risk factors for atherosclerosis obtained along with baseline investigations and echocardiogram obtained to calculate ejection fraction. Classified interventional cardiologists analyzed angiographic images and confirmed the presence of ISR. Details of previous angioplasty and type of stent were documented.
Results: Out of total 137 patients, 98(72%) were males and 39(28%) females. 94(68%) patients were diabetic, 102(72%) were hypertensive, 72(52%) had dyslipidemia, 56(40%) were smokers, and 32(23.35%) strong family history of CHD. After coronary angiography we found that frequency of ISR was 32(23%) in patients who had Xlimus sirolimus stent, 34(24.8%) patients had Xience (everolimus eluting stent), 33(24%) had Ultimaster (sirolimus eluting stent), 38(27%) had Biomatrix stent with p-value=0.25.
Conclusion: The clinical presentation of ISR is usually with angina in all new generation DES. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of ISR among second/3rd generation DES. DES ISR not only depends upon the type of DES used but also depends upon multiple patient ...
Biotic and abiotic stress effects the crop yield badly every year. In the abiotic factors the drought, heat and salinity are the major stress for crops which are cultivated in Pakistan. Cultivated area are decreasing rapidly because the construction of new buildings, towns and population food demand increasing. There is only one way to fulfill the requirements of population by development stress tolerance genotypes. Two different varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. with AABBDD genome and 6x= 42) i.e. Faisalabad 2008 and Galaxy 2013 were used to evaluate the effect of halopriming along with hydropriming to observe germination parameters and early growth stages. The experiment was conducted in factorial structured treatments design with three replications at Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. For halopriming seeds were soaked in 0.5% KCl, 1% KCl, 1.5% KCl and in distilled water for 6-8 hours. The results showed that final emergence percentage of priming seeds with 1% KCl of Faisalabad 2008 had higher percentage of germination than other treatments. However, for time to start germination there was no difference among KCl priming and hydropriming for both the varieties. For mean germination time, priming seeds with 1.5% KCl of Faisalabad 2008 showed maximum time. Seeds priming with 1% KCl of Galaxy 2013 took maximum time to complete 50% germination (T50). Overall, Faisalabad 2008 priming with KCl proved best in most of parameters.
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